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http://www.archive.org/details/howtogrowroses01pyle 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 

DEDICATED BY THEIR PRESIDENT TO THE 

MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY 

(INCLUDING PROSPECTIVE MEMBERS) 




THIRTEENTH EDITION, 1920 
REVISED AND ENLARGED 

By ROBERT PYLE, President 

THE CONARD 6c JONES CO, 

WEST GROVE, PA. 



Copyriiibt, iq2o, by The Conard <t^ Jones Co. 



Contents *^^c^n■'^ 

The Amateur's Rose-Garden 3 

Establishing Ideals 5 

The Rose-Lover's Calendar of Operations 6 

Where to Plant Roses 9 

Preparing to Grow Roses - 14 

Drainage 14 

Soils 15 

Fertilizers 16 

When to Plant 17 

Treatment on Arrival 18 

Planting 20 

Staking the Roses 11 

Labeling 22 

Plotting 24 

Mulching 25 

Protecting the Roses 26 

From Frost 26 

From Enemies 29 

Pruning 31 

How to Use This Pruning Information 34 

Own Root, and Budded or Grafted Roses 36 

Selecting the Roses 37 

Family Groups and Abbreviations 39 

Terms Used to Describe Appropriate Uses 41 

One Hundred and Sixty-two Choice Roses 43 

Roses for Various Purposes and Uses 64 

Selections for Special Sections of the UxNited States of 

America 77 

The Pacific Northwest J. A. Currey 77 

Minneapohs and Vicinity Theodore Wirth 79 

New York and Lower New England . . . Rev. E. M. Mills 80 

Roslyn and Northwest Long Island . Admiral Aaron Ward 81 

Philadelphia and Vicinity Dr. Robert Huey 82 

Washington, D. C, and Points South . . Dr. W. Van Fleet 83 

Chicago and the North W. C. Egan 84 

The Increasing Regard for Roses 91 

The American Rose Society 92 

Fragrant Roses 93 

Municipal Rose-Gardens 95 

A Famous Rose-Garden 98 

The Red Rose Church at Manheim 100 

Rose-Beads loi 

Attar of Roses 102 

Hybridizing 104 

Bibliography 105 

Synonymous Roses 106 

Analysis of Species 107 

Roses Arranged in Classes no 

Index 116 

JUL 24 1920 
©CI.A570830 





[^HIS little book is designed to help the reader 
realize that by setting out the right plants of 
the right sort of roses this spring, cut-flowers 
may be had from these selfsame plants dur- 
ing the last days of May, with a continuity 
of bloom almost unbroken until the frosts 
of late autumn herald the approaching winter. 
Amateurs are now able to have an all-summer ''feast of 
roses," as well as the skilled professional, and it is the 
amateur's rose-garden, especially, that we have had in 
mind when writing the following pages. 

A large garden is not requisite. Two or three dozen good 
plants, of the modern and greatly improved sorts, properly 
selected, will give much enjoyment; while a garden of roses 
with somewhat greater variety and extent can readily be 
made a summer-long delight. 

In spring, one can have the pleasure of building air- 
castles about the plants. When the warm days of June 
arrive, these air-castles will have taken substantial form, and 
you may go from one plant to another, giving each a little 
daily attention, contrasting one proud beauty with another 
equally queenly, and, best of all, gathering an abundance 
of lovely roses. Half an hour of such tonic-toil each day is 
a great nerve-restorer, and, what many of those who have 
tried it realize, it is also food for the soul. 

Rose-growing among amateurs in this country is yet in 
its infancy. In England, before the war, nearly everyone 
grew roses. Dazzling vistas of roses were to be seen in the 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 



hedge-rows, along the country roads and lanes. Gardens 
were full of flowers, and each person seemed to be striving 
in friendly rivalry with his neighbor. Why was this extra- 
ordinary enthusiasm for the rose? Because it is without a 
peer among all the flowering plants. It presents nearly every 
floral shade, in combinations far more attractive than 
exotic orchids, and, above all, its dehcious fragrance gives 
us the enjoyment of another sense — the crowning feature, 
in which no other flower can compete with it. 

Since history was first written the rose has been asso- 
ciated with the most important events in the life of man. 
For centuries it has been fully recognized as the Queen 
of Flowers, honored ahke by poet and king. Yet such vari- 
eties as Columbia, Duchess of Weflington, and Frau Karl 
Druschki, the ancients never knew! Why, then, should not 
you and yours share in the pleasures of the twentieth-cen- 
tury roses, to your own enjoyment and to the advantage of 
those around you? Just a httle garden of these modern wefl- 
bred roses; just a Httle dail}^ loving care; just a little cost; 
and the result to you and your neighbors wifl be the glory 
of the Queen of Flowers. 




The Glory of the Queen of Flowers 



AND HOW TO ARRANGE THEM 5 

Establishing Ideals 

First consider what kind of rose-garden you will plan. 
Roses seem to enjoy being arranged in countless ways. Will 
the first show of bloom to burst into view, as one approaches 
your home, be on your pergola, or arbor, or rose-covered 
summer-house? If none of these furnishes appropriate 
setting, probably your banks or fences will be clothed or 
beautified. A variety of types, shown on the following pages, 
is available, and choosing from these will become a delight. 

Perhaps your fancy may picture prosperous beds, abound- 
ing in a wealth of bloom, to be seen across a sweep of level 
lawn, or from your favorite room in the house, or even hidden 
beyond the curve in your garden-walk. 

The formal rose-garden, too, is important, especially 
on the larger place. There are excellent reasons why the 
rose-garden should have a domain all its own. These 
fastidious creatures that so well repay your thoughtful care 
may well be grouped and with greater resulting effectiveness. 
In no other case, perhaps, does careful planning pay so well as 
in the formal garden. 

In these brief suggestions of rose-garden possibilities let 
us recall vividly the value of the rose in the landscape. Here 
again a knowledge of varieties is important. Landscape 
architects are recognizing more and more the noteworthy 
species which are valuable in mass-plantings for showy effects, 
for retaining embankments, for bordering driveways, or 
even for certain types of hedges. 

Or you may wish most for a garden of roses from which 
to cut bouquets, so that **the Glory of the Garden" may be 
reflected in your home. "Good taste" will suggest the right 
roses — one for this vase, a bunch for that bowl, a spray for 
the guest-room, still others for the hallway or the dining- 
room table, then surely some for boutonnieres, and at times 
for "state occasions." Surely anyone who has experienced the 
exquisite thrill welling up in the soul from the presence of 
choice roses well arranged will be eager to develop the skill 
needed to make the best use of Nature's garden-gifts. 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 



The Rose-Lover's Calendar 
of Operations 

These dates will be found relatively correct for the aver- 
age season in the latitude of Philadelphia. If you hve north 
or south, make the usual allowance of about four days for 
every lOO miles of latitude. Comparative altitude must also 
be taken into consideration. The seasons vary; for example, 
the ground may be in good condition and ready for digging 
as much as three weeks earher one year than it will be the 
following spring. 

March IS- — Such Kardy roses as are already planted should 
now be pruned. 

March 25 to 50. — As soon as the ground can be well worked, plant 
new hardy roses which are to be had dormant. Prune these even more 
closely than older established bushes. 

April 10. — Less hardy roses, including the Everblooming class, 
should be pruned. Begin to remove the winter protection as the increas- 
ing heat of the sun permits. 

April 15. — Roses are not immune from mildew and other fungoid 
contagious diseases; therefore it pays at this time to spray with bordeaux 
mixture all your rose plants as well as nearby fruit trees and grape-vines. 

April 2^ to ^o. — Finish uncovering and pruning your roses. Plant 
new ones (now or until the middle of May). A slight shading of these 
from the sun will prove an advantage. 

May I to 10. — As soon as plants are well set with foliage, a spraying 
with a solution of nicotine or sulpho-tobacco soap will act as a pre- 
ventive against aphides (green fly). 

May 20. — ^As soon as buds begin to swell, weak manure-water may 
be applied to the plants. Spray again to kill off the aphides, otherwise 
they will multiply with amazing speed. 

May 2^. — Now starts the season's procession of bloom, led by the 
sturdy Rugosas and the Yellow Briar roses. Start feeding the tlybrid 
Perpetual roses with liquid manure. 

June I. — With this month we see the true glory of the "Feast of 
Roses." ♦ 

June 5. — Watch for the rose beetle and rose slug, and spray every 
ten days for three weeks with a half pound of arsenate of lead to ten 
gallons of water. 

June 10. — ^Begin to nourish the Teas and Hybrid Teas with liquid 
manure. (Page 17.) You'll soon see the result. 

June 20 to ^o.— Now the Teas, Hybrid Teas, and Climbers begin 
blooming in abundance. Cut your blossoms freely. Look out for mildew 
and apply the remedy. 

July I. — Keep the soil well stirred. A dust mulch at this season is 
important. 



CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS 



7 



July 4. — Gather all the flowers you can; it is not best for the plants 
to have them die on the bushes. You should now be reaping a full har- 
vest from the Teas, Hybrid Teas, etc. 

July 10. — From now till autumn keep a sharp lookout for signs of 
fungoid troubles — such as (i) mildew,^ (2) black spot, or (3) yellow 
leaf, and apply bordeaux mixture or sulphur arsenate dust mixture. 
If any aphides appear, use black-leaf 40. 

July 13*. — ^Thin out the old canes and trim back all multifloras and 
other climbers noted under chapter on pruning. 

July 20. — Now or earlier mulch your roses with grass-cuttings, 
old manure, leaves, sawdust, or peat-moss. 

August ^o. — 'Teas and Hybrid Teas bring forth their "Fall Flower 
Show." As soon as the buds form, remember that Bon Arbor or manure- 
water applied to the roots will help them to produce the blossoms you'll 
be proud of. 

September 10. — Some Hybrid Perpetuals bloom a second time. 

October 75. — Make ready your new beds for next year. 

November i^. — After the first frost, begin covering the stems of your 
roses, pages 26-27, and, soon after this, complete the protecting of the 
more tender kinds. 

Thanksgiving Day. — ^As soon as the ground has frozen, all should 
be safely nestled in their winter beds. 

WHEN YOUR ROSES ARE UNDER THE SNOW 

December. — Read Dean Hole's "A Book About Roses." (Also, see 
Bibliography, page 105.) 

January. — Send for the catalogs of a few reliable rose-growers. 
February. — Order your new "Made in America" roses. 







n^'-'m.- 



#^M3^ 



This shows how "York and Lancaster" may be used (page 62) 




Rival Charmers — both radiate healtli and liappiness 



CHOOSING THE LOCATION 



Where to Plant Roses 

Several available spaces for the rose-bed are usually to be 
found on the average home-grounds. The author has had 
the good fortune to visit a number of rose-gardens that are 
famous — and others that deserve to be — and this may be 
said of nearly all : that they lay on the genial, sunny side of a 
generous group of trees or copse, but were open to the gentler 
breezes, and were not shut in or shaded. 

When buying a new property, the selection of the 
most suitable spot upon it for the house is scarcely more 
important than the selection of a site for your rose-garden. 
You will choose a sunny room, if possible, for the indoor 
nursery, where *'the httle fairies" in your home may romp 
and play on a wintry day; and so, too, will you wish to provide 
for the happiness and well-being of your rose-children, because 
only a few of them are prairie-born. Only a small section of 
this large family has been reared to bear the rigors of gusty, 
sweeping or whipping winds at any time of year, and from 
such, for the best results, they must be protected. It is not 
only the severe, cold winds of winter, or the raw, cutting 
swish of spring, but the hot, withering winds of summer, too, 
that may ruin the opening buds and spoil the almost ripe 
fruits of your labor. 

Choose a place, therefore, or estabhsh one, protected 
either by trees, a hedge, a wall, a building, or by some other 
windbreak. Even a hedge of roses, or chmbers, upon a 
substantial trellis will avail, although a more dense screen is 
more effective. Choose, too, a place where the sun will shine 
for not less than one-half of the day, preferably the morning. 
By this you will see that a space opening away to the south 
or southeast is to be preferred. We have noted equally suc- 
cessful rose-gardens entirely surrounded by hedges. 

Avoid the too close shade of trees, or the proximity of 
tree- roots; they are ravenous robbers. If the roots can pos- 
sibly reach over to your rose-beds, they will do it and steal 
away the nourishment you have provided. Therefore, either 
keep entirely away from them or, if you must dig your bed 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 



near them, put in a partition on the tree side to keep back 
the roots. Boards will do for a time; a concrete wall, about 
4 inches thick, will last longer. 

Another point to remember is that "roses do not hke 
wet feet." They seem to resent the ignominy of being sub- 
jected to standing in undrained ground. Avoid very low 
ground for this reason, and also because it is more subject 
to early or late frost, and has greater tendency to mildew. 

Try to combine in your choice as many of these condi- 
tions as possible, because, while no point is absolute, all are 
important. Don't stop or give up for the lack of some one 
of them. Be earnest about it, and you will soon provide the 
essentials. Mr. Chapman, the ornithologist, asked ex- 
President Roosevelt how he continually accomplished so 
much. Mr. Roosevelt answered that this had been his motto: 

"Do what you can^ with what you have, 
where you are" 

, That motto will prove most useful for the rose-grower. 
It lacks, however, one essential, which has been expressed 
by no other so fittingly, in our estimation, as by Dean Hole: 
"He who would have beautiful roses in his garden must 
have beautiful roses in his heart. He must love them well 
and always. He must have not only the glowing admiration. 




This is Gardenia, running in revelry over the garden-wall 



MAKE A PICTURE OF YOUR LAWN i 




Let climbing roses frame your garden pictures 



the enthusiasm 
and the passion, 
but the ten- 
derness, the 
thoughtfulness, 
the reverence, 
the watchfulness 
of love." The 
rosarian of be- 
loved memory 
understood the 
secret. And 
would that we 
Americans had 

more, Hke him, to spread the love for beautiful roses, as 
well as for the wholesome pastime of planting and caring for 
the Queen of Flowers. 

"Make a picture of your lawnJ* This is the first principle 
of landscape-gardening. Leave open the center spaces and 
plant about and along the edges. Allow this rule to guide 
you, then select places for your roses where they will do 
best and give you the most pleasure. 

Some varieties, as for example the Rugosas and the"rose 
species," serve a very useful purpose when planted among the 
shrubbery. Many other uses, too, are described on pages 64. 
to 76. The bush roses, however, including the Teas, Hybrid 
Teas, and Hybrid Perpetuals, will prove most satisfying if 
segregated and not mixed too much with other plants. 

The location will help to decide the shape of your bed, 
and it is mainly a matter of taste as to w^hether it shall be 
straight, curved, oblong, round, or square. The essential 
point to remember is this: You will want to get within arm's 
reach of every rose in your bed, many times in a year, without 
stepping on the bed. Not over 5 feet in width and preferably 
4^ feet, therefore, is a good rule to follow. 

Arrange the roses 18 inches apart each way, unless they 
are very vigorous growers, in which case allow 2 feet 
for spread. In warm countries, where the growth is most 



m «•#■-■> 



t;^ #^ #;#! '? 



SIZE AND SHAPE OF THE BEDS 



13 




&M Olit I^o^^G 



luxuriant, and for the big bushy sorts, even more room will 
be required. Again, there is the other extreme as, for example, 
in making a border or edging of Polyantha roses, a fine 
continuous effect may be had 
by spacing them in the row 
at only 12 inches apart. 
This diagram shows a bed 

3 feet wide for two rows. A 
bed this width, "staggered," 

will require twelve roses to every 9 feet, twenty-four roses 
if 18 feet long, and larger beds in the same proportion. 

The young garden in the picture below is well done. 
Note the avenue effect produced by the double row of 
Standard or Tree roses on either side of the walk, set from 

4 to 10 feet apart. They remind one of the beautiful rose- 
gardens in England. Up the wall on either side chmbing 
roses have been started. The front bed on the left in the 
picture is 4^ feet square, and contains nine roses. The 
front bed on the right, if 4^ feet wide by 6 feet long, w^ould 
contain twelve roses. The rear bed on the right of the walk 
is 4^ feet wide by 13 feet long, and contains twenty-four 
roses; and the long bed in the rear on the left, if 4^ feet wide 
by 20 feet long, would contain thirty-six roses. 




The formal garden is incomplete without roses 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 



Preparing to Grow Roses 

Having chosen the location and decided upon the size 
and shape of your beds, you are next ready to prepare the soil. 
Rev. F. Page Roberts, an ex-president of the National 
Rose Society of England, has said: "After years of rose-grow- 
ing in places far apart, I think it is not so much the soil and 
the chmate, as the care and skill of the cultivator that wins 
success." 

A very successful grower of roses in New York State once 
remarked to a meeting of his rose society: "I would rather 
plant a 15-cent rose in a 50-cent hole than plant a 50-cent 
rose in a 15-cent hole." He was wise. The author recalls 
visiting a successful private rose-garden in New England one 
day when the roses in one bed were being moved. Those 
roses had well-developed roots 3 feet long, because the 
bed in which they were growing had been prepared to that 
depth, and the top-growth and bloom had been luxuriantly 
magnificent, testifying to the value of deep and thorough 
soil-preparation. 

Drainage 

One thing, however, must be provided, if you are to court 
success, that is ample drainage. "Wet feet" for roses are no 
more conducive to health and happiness than for children. 
Examine your soil; if there seems a need, provide drainage, 
and remove the soil from your bed to the very bottom. Place 
there a layer from 4 to 6 inches deep of stones not larger than 
your fist, broken bricks, clinkers, or other suitable material 

that will readily "take" 
the water from above. 
The soil is seldom so 
retentive as to require 
tiling to take the water 
away and, indeed, nine 
times out of ten no arti- 
ficial drainage at all will 




^ 



Layers of stones like this are not essential t J J 

if the ground is naturally well drained be needeCl. 



PREPARING THE BEDS 15 

Soils 

The good loam so often found directly beneath the sod is 
excellent, but is greatly improved by being broken, even 
pulverized, to a depth of at least two spades and thoroughly 
mixed with about one-third its bulk of rotted manure. 
Fresh manure must never be allowed to touch the rose- roots. 
Indeed, the more thorough-going way is to make sure of the 
nether layer of soil by removing the upper one. First of all, 
peel off the sod (it will produce excellent compost, see 
section on *TertiHzers"); next take out the top layer of soil 
to the depth of i foot and pile it nearby. If the soil below 
that is good, rich loam, or a fair mixture of clay and loam, it 
may remain. Loosen this with a garden fork to a depth of 
another foot, preferably not upturning it, and mix with it 
well-decomposed manure, and then put back the top layer of 
loam in which to plant your roses. 

If, on the other hand, you find the subsoil poor, barren, and 
unproductive, you may have to remove it altogether. Haul 
it away, and put your chopped-up sods in the bottom, grass- 
side down, to rot and make future plant- food. If you have 
ready from the previous year a compost made by mixing one- 
half or two-thirds of sod, with the balance of manure from 
the cow-stables, use it in the bottom of your bed, and make 
a future storehouse of rich nourishment for your roses. 

Another hint: A few broken bones may be mixed with 
the soil in the bottom of the trench, say a peck for a bed 
holding a dozen roses. These will decay slowly, and furnish 
plant-food for three or four years to come. 

Not all roses Hke the same soils. The Hybrid Perpetuals, 
for example, love a heavy clay or loam. So do the heavier- 
growing chmbers; whereas the Teas, Hybrid Teas, Bourbons 
and the hke, revel in a hghter soil and a warmer one, with less 
than 50 per cent clay or loam, and more sand or leaf-mold. 
Rugosas thrive even in quite sandy soil. 

"It is difficult to give the roses too rich soil." If your soil 
is fight and sandy, and you cannot well replace it entirely, it 
may be greatly improved by mixing a fittle clay or rich loam 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 



with ft when trenching. If your soil seems too heavy, it can 
be made hghter and more open by adding sand, or even coal- 
ashes. To be good for roses, the soil must be such as will not 
quickly transmit to- the roots sudden surface changes of 
temperature. The roots should be kept cool. If it be pos- 
sible after the soil in your bed has been prepared, give it 
time, say two or three months, to settle before planting your 
roses. If this be out of the question, press with your feet 
each layer of soil in your bed, as you proceed to fill it in. 

Fertilizers 

While manure from the cow-stable is best, you can draw 
upon the horse-stable, sheep-pens, or pig-sty with expectation 
of good results, and "night soil," mixed with dry soil, or 
sand, and well composted is excellent. Well-rotted leaves are 
fair, but too light except for heavy soils. Commercial fer- 
tihzers, such as ground bone or guano, may be used with 
advantage if handled with discretion. A rule to remember is 
never to let any "green" or "raw" manure come close to the 
roots of your roses, but see that it is buried well beneath the 
root reach, or apphed as a top-dressing. After your roses 
have been planted, the best time to apply manures is just 
as the ground begins to freeze in the autumn. Let it serve as 
a protection over winter, and dig it in next spring, being care- 
ful, however, not to disturb the roots. 

Far better than surface-coating is the ample supply of 
fertihzer placed well under the roots in the bottom of your 
beds, before you plant your roses, because roots travel 
toward their food-supply. By thus enticing them downward, 
you develop a strong, deep root-growth down into the 
reservoir of stored-up food and moisture, so that, when dry 
weather comes, they will not hunger and thirst, as they would 
with only surface roots. Surface application of manure-water 
is quite a different matter, as that will percolate down to the 
deepest roots. 

It is said that roses draw most upon the soil when bloom- 
ing, and we find you can almost see the results from applica- 
tion (when the flower-buds begin swelling) of liquid manure. 



THE PROPER FOOD FOR ROSES 17 



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Nearly every child is fond of flowers 

concocted by catching the drain from the manure-pile, or 
one-third of a bushel of manure in a bag and soaked in a 
barrel of water. Apply this as a weak tea, not too strong, but 
frequently, say twice a week. When it is more convenient, 
a sprinkling of bone-dust on the surface before a rain will 
answer the same purpose. Even with the best care, it may 
prove necessary in some locations, say after six or eight years, 
to renew the roses or move the bed, adopting the farmer's 
principle of rotation of crops. 

When to Plant 

Tell us where you would grow roses, and we will tell you 

when to plant them. The most carefully laid down dates for 

New York State are "null and void" in New Orleans. Proper 

planting-time in the same state may vary according to differ- 




][8 - HOW TO GROW ROSES 

ences in altitude and latitude. Where the winters are not too 
severe, as in our Gulf and Pacific Coast States, and the 

next tier of states north, 
autumn-planting is to 
be preferred. 

North of the line of 
the Ohio River, only 
our hardier varieties, 
such, for example, as the 
Hardy Chmbers and 
Hybrid Perpetuals, Ru- 
gosas, Moss and Pernet- 
ianas, will withstand the first winter out, if autumn-planted. 
As a matter of general practice, there are, doubtless, 
ten times as many roses planted in spring as in autumn. 
For the latitude of Philadelphia, dormant roses should be 
planted as soon in spring as the soil is dry enough to 
crumble in the hand, and plantings may continue till mid- 
April. Growing roses from pots should not be set out until 
danger from frost is past, usually the last week in April. If 
you hve north of 40 degrees latitude, defer planting from this 
date by one week for every hundred miles. Do not attempt 
any planting operations with the ground frozen, or the ther- 
mometer below 45 degrees Fahr. Roses from pots, when 
shipped with soil on the roots, may be planted at any time 
through the growing season, even during the summer. 

Treatment on Arrival 

Think of your roses as living creatures, even though they 
be asleep (dormant) when you first get them. Unwrap them 
with the greatest care; never expose the roots to the drying 
action of the spring winds for a moment. A plant with bare 
roots exposed to the dry air is like a fish out of water. Untie 
the bundles so as not to break, bark or bruise either root or 
branch. Should the plants, through delay in transit, come 
dried out, as occasionally happens, soak the balls of earth 
and roots in water; if the stems also have dried out, bury 
the whole plant in damp earth for three or four days till the ■ 



TREATMENT ON ARRIVAL 



19 




When this little girl grows up and has a garden of her own, she too 
will know how to grow fine roses. 



shriveled branches regain their natural plumpness. If you 
cannot plant the roses when they arrive, *'heel them in" in 
the garden until you are ready to plant them. This is done 
by digging a trench deep enough thoroughly to cover all 
roots and even lower branches of each bundle of roses. It 
will be better to untie the bundles so that the roots can be 
more thoroughly covered. Press down this soil-cover firmly. 



20 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 



Planting 

When ready to plant, remember again that roots must be 
kept from the wind. Spring winds are so drying that fatal 
damage may occur from a few minutes of exposure. The 
best plan, when planting, is to keep the roots covered with a 
damp piece of burlap, or of other packing- material. 

Next make the holes in the bed, which should have been 
prepared as shown on page 15, and make them large enough 
to accommodate the roots in a natural and uncramped posi- 
tion, neither too deep nor too shallow (see illustration). Do 
not spread the roots out flat, but point them down, slanting 
outward. Use care to keep the roots from direct contact 
with the manure, lest the roses get indigestion. It is a good 
plan to dip the roots, before planting, in a thin mud made 
by mixing loam or clay with water. Settle well-pulverized 
soil in around the roots, so as to fill up every air-space, and 
so that every single root shall be entirely encased in soil. 
When the hole is half-filled, and roots covered, press the 
soil down firmly with the hands; then fill the hole with water, 
and let it drain away; fill in level with soil, and tamp it care- 
fully but securely; then give a final covering of soil, which 
should be about level with the surrounding turf, but not 
high enough to let the water run away when it rains. Also 
protect from the bright sunshine for a few days. 




Too deep 



Too shallow, and 
set wrong 



Just right 



Right, and banked 
for winter 




For splendor, beauty and Impressiveness the red Rose stands 
preeminent, and among the Hybrid Perpetuals the J. B. CLARK, 
shown above, is a variety with real merit. 

Among the more recent introductions in this class should also 
be mentioned Hugh Dickson, George Dickson and Gloire de Chedane 
Guinoisseau. 

Can you imagine any flower more exquisitely appropriate, either 
worn singly or in display for the most important occasions, than a 
freshly opened bloom like the above? 

Important celebrations and state occasions are coming more and 
more to depend upon the Rose for its decorative value, satisfying 
the mind and heart, as well as the eyes, of all observers. 



22 HOW TO GROW ROSES 

Staking the Roses 

Standard or Tree roses, unless extraordinarily sturdy and 
planted where they are protected from the winds, will be the 
better for staking. The stake should come well up to the 
head of the rose. Place it while planting, for if it is driven 
later it may injure an important root. Bush roses seldom 
need staking when planted, although this is a matter for atten- 
tion according to the needs of individual varieties. Plants 
should never be permitted to sway about or become loose at 
the collar. If the sun be warm within the next day or two 
after you plant, the bush will be the better for being shaded, 
as well as for mulch about the roots. 

Labeling 

Rose-growing with labels is by far the most delightful 
kind. You lose half the pleasure if you lose the names, to 
say nothing about the satisfaction of accumulating infor- 
mation. The importance of labehng is really great. Do it 
when you plant as a part of the operation; otherwise, it is 
likely to be overlooked. The growers' labels are not hkely to 
last more than one season, and then it becomes dreadfully 
embarrassing not to know what to call your plant-children, 
whether you want to scold or caress them. Choose the label 
with fewest faults. 



Copper Labels 

These are made of light sheet copper, eyeleted and 
r\ wired ready to use as soon as the name of the plant 
is inscribed. The copper labels are very hght, and 
are therefore most suitable for hanging on the 
/ branches of your roses in a conspicuous place, not 
(6) ^^ ^^ disturbed until you begin your pruning. 
Then, if necessary, remove them to some other part 
of the plant not in danger from your shears. But 
any type of label that must be wired on the bush 
may constrict and check the hfe of the stem or 
branch on which it hangs. Therefore, a better way 



LABELING 23 




to use these copper labels is to suspend them 
on a stout wire stake alongside the plant, so 
that no removing will be necessary unless the 
rose is being transplanted to some other part 
of your garden, when, of course, the label should go 
along with it. This shape of label is now available 
in celluloid faced with perfectly transparent mica. 
(See right-hand cut at bottom of page 22.) 

Plain or Printed Wooden Labels 

Plain or printed wooden labels, similar in size 
and shape to the two illustrated on page 22, may 
be attached to an upright iron stake (such as is here 
shown). This is the scheme followed by Capt. Geo. 
C. Thomas in his noteworthy garden near Phila- 
delphia. Furthermore, upon the same stake, with cS^^'LaEei 
the name label, he hangs a plain wooden label which 
is used throughout the season on which to mark the number 
of roses harvested from that bush each time one or more is 
cut. Such a plan, faithfully followed, makes an invaluable 
record for any careful rose-grower. 

The best of wooden labels must be sometimes renewed. 
A more permanent type we call the Garden 
Club Label. It is a triangular piece 
of flat zinc with rounded corners, hung % 
on the gooseneck top of No. 9 galvanized 
iron wire, 15 inches long, as above. There is 
room on the reverse side for date of planting and 
other data. For indelible ink, dissolve a copper 
cent in a i -ounce solution of one part sulphuric 
acid and five parts water; or, if preferred, 
paint the label and stake green and the letters 
in white. This label keeps clean because it is 
above the mud-splash of the raindrops. 

The Mann Plant Label hereby illustrated is 
of zinc. It is practically indestructible and stays 
put. The size is 9>^ inches long by 3>^ inches 

Mann . .1 . Simplex 

Label across at the top. Label 




V 



V 



24 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 



The Simplex Labels illustrated on page 23 are a single 
piece of metal frame and stake 16 inches long and securely 
hold in place a shghtly roughened celluloid card which is 
protected from the weather by a clear, smooth cover of mica. 

Celluloid labels, with the rose name printed in and clearly 
showing from beneath a transparent glazed surface, are 
perhaps the most recent development and promise great 
satisfaction. 

The most ehte rose labels we have ever seen were those 
used by M. Gravereaux, at L'Hay, near Paris, where, on 
top of small, sturdy, iron stakes, were bolted beautifully 
finished, flat top, oval name-plates of porcelain. 

Plotting 

But the "best laid" labels sometimes go wrong, and in 
some unexplainable fashion do get lost; therefore, to be 
entirely protected, you can take out label insurance. Some 
people think this is more imiportant than labehng. Draw a 
diagram of your bed, and then with letters or numbers 
indicate on it the location of each rose. With this make out 
and keep a key-list of roses lettered or numbered to corre- 
spond with those on the diagram. We venture to predict 
that such a Hst will prove its value before the end of the 
second year. 



i^^ 




^ ..:ilS^lr-^mf 



^^*m^ 



»:*'m 



CONSERVING THE MOISTURE 



25 



Mulching 

There is a treble object in this: First, to retain the mois- 
ture; second, better to preserve a suitable temperature in the 
soil; third, to stop weed-growth. What is called a "dust- 
mulch," maintained by frequent hoeing, is, perhaps, the best 
method, although, where the summers are warm, a covering 
in early July of long **strawy" cow-, pig-, or horse-stable 
manure that will not heat, will accomphsh the same object. 
The lighter and more chafF-hke portion should be removed 
in the spring and the richer part dug in. Peat-moss we look 
upon as even better than a manure-mulch, because the 
latter may encourage root-growth nearer the surface than 
is desirable. We have also tried sawdust for covering the 
beds in summer. It certainly prevented need for weeding 
and otherwise seemed beneficial. Another plan is to plant 
some low-growing and shallow-rooting ground-cover plant, 
hke violas (pansies) or portulacas. These grow quickly from 
seed and should be established by mid-July. 



..Sj:» 



Py 




Roses where everyone may enjoy them 



26 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 




Roses in the outdoor living-room 



Protecting the Roses 

From Frost 

W. C. Egan, the eminent horticulturist of northern 
Illinois, succeeds admirably in keeping his roses over win- 
ter, as does also the Superintendent of the McCormick estate; 
and yet, north of Chicago, where they hve, the severe 
winters and the cold winds blowing over Lake Michigan, 
often kill the Wichuraianas and Rambler roses to within a foot 
of the ground, when not protected. An eminent judge, Hving 
north of Detroit, by the work of his own hands, protects his 
Hybrid Teas so that they triumphantly weather zero winters. 
On the famous shore- front at Newport, Rhode Island, we 
found the tender Gloire de Dijon rose, which we had sup- 
posed could not be grown north of Washington, D. C, green 
and thrifty to the second story, after a most severe winter 
season. But the protection had been very thorough. 



WINTER- PROTECTION 27 

Obviously, there is no danger where there is no frost. 
Where the thermometer falls below freezing, the less hardy 
varieties should be partly covered, and all roses will be the 
better for some protection, at least about the roots. If you 
are visited with zero weather, let '* preparedness'' be your 
rule. To begin with, bank up the soil cone-shaped, with the 
apex 6 to 10 inches high around the stem of each bush. 
Ashes are sometimes used, but nothing we know of is better 
than soil. In very cold countries, the roses may be lifted 
entirely and buried in trenches for the winter, and they will 
come out in fine shape for replanting in spring. After you 
have drawn the soil nicely around them (see calendar), leave 
them alone till the ground is frozen with a crust hard enough 
to bear the weight of a stone-laden wheel-barrow. By this 
time the moles or mice, or other creatures, will have secured 
their winter abode elsewhere, and not be tempted to make 
nests in the protecting material you will next apply. Now 
do not smother your roses, or they may die. Cover them 
thoroughly, as high up as you attempt to protect them, but 
always allow for the circulation of air. A 3- or 4-inch 
blanket of good, heavy stable-manure will keep out much 
cold. Over this fill up from the bottom of the bed to a depth 
of I o or 12 inches with nice, dry leaves, and with some light 
material on top to keep them in place. A 12-inch fence 
of poultry-wire staked round the bed will help keep the 
leaves in place. The boughs of fir or pine trees, hay, straw, or 
cornfodder, or other material that will break the force of 
cold, biting winds, will serve in place of leaves, and where 
most careful protection is required, boards may be arranged 
roof-fashioned to turn off the rains. This will also protect 
your roses from exposure to direct sunshine when nights are 
freezing-cold, and avoid alternate thawing and freezing, 
which is dangerous, and in early spring prevent the premature 
excitation of plant-growth and tender buds. For this reason, 
too, remove protection in spring gradually, and not all at 
one time (see calendar, page 6). 

A method that has proved successful in one of the coldest 
sections of the United States is thus vividly described : 



28 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 




Minneapolis Municipal Rose-garden 



". . . Our principal problem would be to provide proper 
winter-protection. We took special pains to ripen the wood. 
We stopped watering and cultivation in September, and dis- 
couraged late growth. The last week in October w^e gave the 
beds a very thorough soaking, and a few days after we tied 
the shoots close together, and piled the soil around the plants 
as high as we could with material taken from between the 
plants, so covering from four to six of the lower eyes. The 
garden was then left in this condition until there were 3 
or 4 inches of frost in the ground. We then filled in with 
dry leaves, gathered from the nearby woods. The leaves were 
thrown in loose and not packed down, and covered the beds to 
the height of the soil heaped around the plant. We then 
boarded in the long sides of the beds 2 feet high, and boarded 
over the top of the bed, but left the two ends open. Over 
this board cover we spread a layer of bedding, straw and hay. 



PROTECTING THE ROSES 29 

"It will be seen by the method of winter-protection herein 
described that our aim was to prevent, if possible, thawing 
after frost had set in; to protect the plants from the drying 
effects of the strong winds, without preventing the free cir- 
culation of air. We have employed the same method of pro- 
tection ever since, and generally we have been successful in 
bringing the plants through winter in very good condition.'* 
(Article, "The MinneapoHs Municipal Rose-garden in 
Lyndale Park," by Theodore Wirth, in "The American Rose 
Annual," 191 6, pages 79, 80.) 

Protecting Tree roses over winter is most important. 
Set up a box about 2 feet square, and high enough from 
the ground to encase the head, and fill this with soil to cover 
all but the topmost branches. No part needs protection 
more than the point where stock and branches join. Another 
method is to loosen the earth on two sides of the plants 
so they may easily be bent over without breaking anything 
and then, when staked to the ground, cover with 6, 8 or more 
inches of earth till danger of frost is past in spring, when 
they may again be reinstated and restaked. In some loca- 
tions it may prove quite as convenient, and equally effec- 
tive, to take up the plants entire, and bury them in a trench 
in the vegetable garden. 

Protecting Roses from Enemies 

Eternal vigilance is the price of perfect flowers, because 
"prevention is better than cure." Vigorous, healthy plants 
are seldom troubled much. 

The two golden rules to remember, says Mr. Edward 
Mawley, one-time President of the National Rose Society of 
England, are these: "Keep sharp watch out for the first 
appearance of insect or fungoid pests and adopt measures for 
destruction at once. Then persevere with the remedy adopted 
until a cure has been effected." 

Our Lady Rosa hkes cleanHness above all things, and will 
respond generously to these attentions. Keep your roses 
clean and healthy and they are almost certain to be happy. 



3o^_ HOW TO GROW ROSES 

The beginner need not be dismayed at the array of troubles 
that may happen; if they do, these hints are offered as a "first 
aid." As a matter of fact, not all the pests are hkely to 
appear in the same garden. Rose-growing is not so compli- 
cated or difficult as might appear. 

Insects 

Probably our worst enemy to roses is the Rose Chafer 
C'Rose Bug"), which is particularly severe on sandy soils. 
For this, handpicking into a vessel of kerosene is effective, or, 
as a preventive, spray every two weeks through June and 
July with bordeaux mixture (i ounce to i}4 gallons of water) 
or a solution of }4 pound of arsenate of lead in 12 gallons of 
water. This is also a good remedy for the Rose-Slug, which 
skeletonizes the leaves. It works from' the under side of the 
foliage so when going after it, turn the fohage down side up 
and spray it thoroughly. 

Aphides, or Green Flies, attack the plants during May 
and June, and, if not dispatched, they multiply rapidly, and 
suck the life-blood from the leaves. A vigorous spraying of 
black-leaf 40 or whale-oil soap will settle them. Scale 
seldom bothers any except old, neglected shrub roses. Use 
scalecide or lime-suIphur wash. 

Diseases 

Of the fungous diseases. Powdery Mildew is by far the 
worst and most difficult to overcome. It will be recognized 
as a white mold appearing on the fohage, which, if not 
checked, will spread. 

This is most hkely to occur in warm, damp weather, and 
certain varieties, such as Crimson Ramblers, are more sub- 
ject to its attacks. Bordeaux mixture, apphed at fortnightly 
intervals, is a good preventive (see formula above). Even 
better, use sulphur arsenate dust mixture. Formula: Nine 
parts finely powdered sulphur to one part arsenate of lead. 
Apply with a dust gun. For Black-Spot, Rust, and other 
fungous diseases, follow the same course. Also promptly 
remove and burn foliage thus affected. 



PRUNING INFORMATION 31 

Pruning 

If you have bought two- or three-year-old plants, cut 
them back rather severely at the time of planting — to three 
or four buds on the Hybrid Perpetuals and about six on 
the Teas and Hybrid Teas. Always cut the stem just above a 
bud that points out, never above one that points toward the 
center of the plant. The term bud or eye is used to define 
the places on the stem where leaves will be produced. They 
are easily distinguished, as they look like small, pointed 
warts on the stems. If the plants are in leaf when planted, 
the above does not apply. The crop of flowers on the rose 
plants is largely governed by the kind of pruning the plants 
receive. In fact, other conditions being ideal, the pruning 
determines the quantity and the size of the flowers. 

The Hybrid Perpetuals and most other hardy roses 
should be pruned in March; if weather permits, by the 



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Method of pruning Hybrid Teas for garden display 
(As recommended Isy the N. R. S. of England) 

middle of the month. The tender roses, the Teas and 
Hybrids Teas, need not be pruned until along in April, when 
the sap begins to flow and the buds begin to swell; for, at this 
time, dead and w^eak wood may be much more easily dis- 
tinguished and cut out than earlier in the season. Besides, it 
is an advantage to leave the mulch undisturbed until settled 
weather has arrived. At the time of pruning, one must 



The PERLE DES JARDINS is a standard Tea Rose of rich 
golden yellow color and fine form; it blooms freely on strong stems. 
Other newer Roses of related color and great merit are Lady 
Hillingdon and Alexander Hill Gray. 



PRUNING INFORMATION 



33 






•■•f^" 









II 



decide upon the kind of crop wanted. If the very biggest and 
best flowers are wanted, severe pruning is necessary (see i, 
page 34) ; if a large crop of average flowers, only moderate 
pruning (see 2, page 34) ; but, where a quantity of bloom is 
preferred, only a httle pruning is necessary (see 3, page 34). 

When pruning Hybrid Perpetuals, first cut out the weak 
wood and any branches that cross; then cut back the strong 
canes to about six eyes, the top one point- 
ing out, and the cut being made one-quarter 
of an inch above the bud. If you want 
only a few big flowers, cut back to only 
three or four buds. For the big outdoor 
display, leave four to seven canes two- 
thirds their growth. The Teas and Hybrid 
Teas will need the same attention, but 
there should be as much or more wood left. 
In case the winter may have kifled the canes, 
cut back to five wood, even if down to the 
surface of the soil. 

These rules are modified somewhat by 
the character of the plant. The weaker- 
growing varieties can be cut back farther than 
strong-growing sorts. The strong-growing 
kinds, if cut back too heavily, wifl run to 
wood, and, in the case of some, too heavy 
pruning may kill the plant. 

Austrian Briar roses (also the Bourbons) need very Httle 
pruning. The Wichuraianas and many of the Multifloras 
bloom on the branches produced the previous summer; hence 
these should be pruned very little during autumn or spring; 
but when they have finished blooming entirely remove 
the old flowering shoots to give the new growth plenty of 
fight and air. 

Cfimbing and PiHar roses need be cut back but one- 
third to one-fifth, and on old, weH-estabfished plants, the old, 
enfeebled wood should also be taken out. 

The base of the branches may be prevented from becom- 
ing bare. In straight branches, the sap goes to the top, leaving 



; 




Showing where to 
prune 



34 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 



little for the buds at the base. Train the branches up crooked 
by putting sharp bends in the stems within 2 feet of the ground, 
and fohage will be produced the whole length of the stem. 
To get a second crop of flowers in autumn, cut 8 to 10 inches 
of wood with the flowers. Several Hybrid Perpetuals will 
also bloom in autumn with this treatment. (See below, and 

also the list of 162 roses on pages 
43 to 62.) 

In autumn extra-long canes will 
need to be cut back a little, and 
perhaps tied to a stake or support, 
to prevent swaying and the con- 
sequent damage to the roots. 

How to Use This Pruning 
Information 

Refer to pages 43 to 62 for va- 
rieties on which information is de- 
sired. Opposite each name will be 
found abbreviated directions for 
pruning. Illustrations herewith 
will further explain the instructions. The key to these di- 
rections is fully explained on this and the succeeding page. 

1. Hard. Thin out to the base all but from three to five 
shoots, and cut these back so as to leave two or three eyes 
on each shoot. 

2. Moderately Hard. Thin out as No. i, and cut each 
shoot back to about five to ten eyes. 

3. Medium. Thin out as No. i ; leave four to seven shoots; 
shorten these shoots to about half their length. 

4. Sparingly. Thin out as No. i; leave four to seven 
shoots, which should be merely tipped. 

5. Thin. No pruning required; thin out annually. 

6. None. No pruning required; thin out every two or 
three years, just to keep the plant within bounds. 

7. Climbing, Pillar, and all other roses that are marked 7 
can be improved by thinning, when one or more of the 




The way to prune and thin 
out climbing roses 



PRUNING INFORMATION 35 

stems show plainly, that they are old and past doing good ser- 
vice. This should not be necessary oftener than every three 
years. Kinds marked + are more hkely to need it than 
kinds marked — . The needs of such roses as Mrs. Peary, 
Marechal Niel, etc., are not covered by any of the notes, 
where the chmate is warm enough not to kill back the main 
stems. In this case, the branches should be trimmed so as 
to leave from two to ten eyes. 

Ex. Method to use to produce exhibition specimens or 
large flowers. 

Q. Method to use to produce showy bushes or a quantity 
of flowers. 

*'NoTE I. — Pruning, therefore, is the art of improving the 
productive power, and the appearance of the plant. It con- 
sists of two distinct operations: (i) The removal of dead, 
weak, overcrowded, or otherwise useless shoots. Unripe 
wood which in the spring will usually be found to have dis- 
colored pith, caused by the winter frosts, should be cut clean 
away at the base of the shoot. (2) Pruning proper, the 
shortening of those shoots which are allowed to remain after 
the thinning-out process has been completed. 

"The most frequent errors made in pruning are (i) leav- 
ing too many shoots when thinning out; (2) pruning severely 
the shoots of varieties which require little, if any, shortening; 
(3) pruning lightly the varieties which require severe prun- 
ing; (4) leaving rose plants crowded with shoots and cutting 
these to a uniform length afl over the plant in the same 
way that a hedge is chpped. 

"In thinning out a shoot, it should be either cut clean away 
to the base of the plant, or to its starting-point on the older 
shoot from which it springs, as the case may be. When the 
plant has been pruned, the shoots should be left as nearly as 
possible equidistant from each other, and regularly arranged 
around it so that it presents a well-balanced appear- 
ance on all sides." — National Rose Society's Hand-Book on 
Pruning. 

Copies of this valuable book may be purchased on apph- 
cation to Editor "How to Grow Roses," West Grove, Pa. 



36 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 




Own-Root, and Budded or Grafted Roses 

Every rose-grower should learn the difference. In a 
budded or grafted rose, the top of a good flowering variety 
has been joined and made to grow upon the 
root of a "wild" rose. An own-root rose stands 
on its own feet, so that, if the top be winter- 
killed, the new growth from the root will bloom 
true as at first. Not so with the budded or 
grafted rose. If the top be killed, the "wild" 
root is worthless; throw it out. 

As a general rule, for application over a 
broad area, the experience of many people in 
many difPerent locahties indicates a preference 
for own-root roses only in such varieties as 
will make vigorous growth. 

Some types, however, especially some of 
the Hybrid Teas, when on their own roots pro- 
duce but poorly. In order to obtain vigorous 
growth and luxuriant bloom, such kinds are 
budded or grafted upon the stock of a strong- 
growing rose. Multiflora, Canina, Manetti, and other stocks 
are used for this purpose. When planting own-root roses, 
set in the soil a trifle deeper than the stain of the soil on the 
stem indicates it grew before. When planting budded or 
grafted roses, set with the joint or union of top and root an inch 
below the surface of the soil, and watch for suckers. If there 
appears any growth originating below the union, dig away 
the soil and cut it off" close up to the stem; otherwise it may 
grow up and crowd out the flower-bearing part of the plant. 

Suckers show 7 
or 9 leaflets. 

The majority 
of roses grown 
and planted 
North are bud- 
ded; South the 
The process of ^ H ^ l rcvcrsc is truc, 

budding 



A budded rose 
may be distin- 
guished from the 
own-root by knot- 
formation of the 
former. See arrow. 





CHOOSING THE RIGHT KINDS 



37 



Selecting the Roses 

This is a vital matter. The most complete and authorita- 
tive list of roses in our possession shows 10,281 varieties. The 
most complete collection in any one plantation that has come 
under our observation we did not attempt to count. It is 
said to contain about six thousand varieties, including every 
known species and every variety now obtainable in the 
civihzed world. (This garden, the Roseraie de L'Hay, will be 
found more fully described on page 98.) 

The average number of roses actually in commerce in the 
different countries abroad prior to August 
I, 1 91 4, was approximately one thousand, 
while a half of that is the average number 




The luxuriant clusters of the white-flowered Dorothy Perkins, 
example of the Wichuraiana family 



A good 



38 HOW TO GROW ROSES 

offered in America by the leading rose firms whose products 
can be relied upon as true to name. 

When we recall that the average amateur must confine his 
selection to a much smaller number even than this, often a 
choice two dozen kinds, the paramount importance of a 
proper selection is quite apparent. 

Dr. Liberty H. Bailey, formerly of Cornell University, 
and editor of that standard authority, "Cyclopedia of 
American Horticulture," says: "The success of the rose in 
this country is very largely a question of the selection of 
adaptable varieties." 

Pemberton, in his excellent work on "Roses," says to be- 
ginners: "State your requirements to a friend who is an 
expert and leave the selection to him." This book would be a 
"friend" to every rose-grower, — how "expert" you must 
judge from its contents. 

America is a big country, and allowances must be made 
for differences in soil, climate, and other conditions. Rules 
are offered for use and application by the reader to the 
conditions that obtain in his or her locality. If there arise 
conditions not herein covered, the author will be glad from 
his own experience to assist readers in solving their individual 
problems. 

Where do you live? The answer to this question is the 
first key to the selection of the right roses. Some varieties 
will withstand severely cold winters from which other varie- 
ties would die. Do you want dwarf, bedding, pillar, or vigor- 
ous chmbing roses? Would you prefer a great show for a 
month or more in the early summer, or a more or less con- 
tinuous bloom throughout the autumn also? These various 
important characteristics will be mentioned in the descrip- 
tions of 162 roses on pages 43 to 62. The following expla- 
nations will enable you more fully to understand the terms 
used. We state after the name of each rose: (i) the class to 
which it belongs; (2) the color of the flower; (3) the char- 
acter of the leaves, when it is particularly worthy of men- 
tion; (4) the character of growth (vigorous, moderate, etc.); 
(5) the purposes for which best suited; (6) the way to prune 



SELECTING THE ROSES 



39 




Rosa Wichuraiana has shiny 
green foliage nearly all the year 



the variety; (7) other noteworthy remarks. We have endeav- 
ored to avoid all exaggeration. 

After the name of the variety, the class to which it belongs 
is indicated by the following abbreviations: 



Section I 
T.— Tea 
Bou. — Bourbon 
C. — China 
H.T.— Hybrid Tea 
P. — Polyantha 
T.P. — Tea Polyantha 

Section II 

N. — Noisettes 

C.T. — Climbing Tea 

C.H.T. — Climbing Hybrid Tea 

C.P. — Climbing Polyantha 

C.T.P. — Climbing Tea Polyantha 



Section III 
A.B. — ^Austrian Briar. Per. — 

Pernetiana, or Hybrid Austrian 

Briar 
D. — Damask 
H.P.— Hybrid Perpetual 
M. — Moss 
Pr. — Provence 
R. — Rugosa and Hybrid Rugosa 

Section IV 
Mult. — Multiflora 
Bank. — Banksian 
CI. M.— Climbing Moss 
S.B. — Sweetbriars 
W. — Wichuraiana and hybrids 

In addition to 162 leading roses listed on pages 43 to 62 
inclusive, see also (pages no to 115) a hst of the important 
roses in each class named above. 



SELECTING THE ROSES 41 



It will be helpful to remember, when referring to the 
above four sections, that sections III and IV contain the 
hardiest roses. Roses in these classes will hve out over 
winter in the latitude of Philadelphia without protection, 
although all roses in this and colder regions will be the better 
for protection. The classes in sections I and II require careful 
protection in a cHmate hke this, especially the first ones 
named in each section, which are better suited for growing 
south of Washington, D. C, and in correspondingly mild 
chmates. 

As to bloom, sections I and II will bloom more or less 
throughout the growing season. Sections III and IV are 
mostly known as summer bloomers, and are in their greatest 
glory for only a few weeks in early summer. Some of the 
Hybrid Perpetuals and Hybrid Austrian Briars will also 
make an autumn showing. 

The character of growth is indicated upon a scale arranged 
as follows: Weak, moderate, moderately vigorous, vigorous, 
very vigorous; "robust" indicates sturdy and bushy, but 
short growth. Climbers are described either as vigorous 
climbers, suitable for low pillar or trellis, or very vigorous, 
suitable for archways, pergolas, or high trellis. 

Terms Used to Describe Appropriate Uses 

(Also key to descriptions on pages 43 to 62) 

Garden. — Recommended for general lawn or garden 
cultivation. 

Bedding, i. e., free-flowering and of rather compact 
growth — good for massing in beds, either several of a kind 
or with other bedding roses. 

Pillar. — Excellent for training up to a low pillar, stake, 
or post. 

Arch. — For covering an archway. 

Pergola. — For growing over a pergola. 

Wall. — Suitable for training up the face of a wall or 
side of a building. 

Creeping. — Good for covering a bank, stumps, rocks, etc. 



42 HOW TO GROW ROSES 

Trellis. — Grows well on a trellis or suppoft. 

Bush. — Makes a good bush when planted alone and 
allowed to develop. 

Pot, or Cut- Flowers. — Those that have particularly 
long stems and other quahties that make them pecuharly 
fitted for cutting. Good also under glass. 

BouTONNiERE. — Well-formcd buds and not so large but 
that it is appropriate for a buttonhole or corsage bouquet. 

Edging. — Makes an excellent edging to a rose-bed or 
border, bed, or pathway. 

Hedge.- — ^Adapted for making a hedge, either all one kind 
or with others. 

Tree or Standard. — Kinds that do well in tree form, as 
illustrated on page 98. 

Note also at the close of this chapter a section devoted to 
the best roses for each particular purpose in your garden. 
We feel that entire dependence may be placed upon these 
recommendations beginning page 64, based upon the infor- 
mation gained after many years' correspondence with patrons 
in all parts of the United States. 

In a broader way the reader will surely find great interest 
in cultivating a more intimate acquaintance with this great 
rose family. Opportunity for further study of this subject 
is offered in the Analysis of Species and outline of different 
classes beginning on pages 108 and no. 

Following these sets for special purposes, and beginning 
on page 77, will be found recommendations of the varieties 
that eminent amateurs, or professionals, have found best 
adapted to each of eight different typical sections of our 
country. 

But comparatively few people can actually plant more 
than a small proportion of any such extended list, and there- 
fore we list on the. pages immediately following a shorter 
list of the leading varieties from any of which it will be 
entirely safe to select. The reader may still have some 
failures, but they will serve as stepping stones of knowledge 
surely learned on which to build greater success. 



ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS 43 




American Pillar 

See page 44 



A Baby Rambler 

See page 44 



Anna de Diesbach 

See page 44 



One Hundred and Sixty-two Choice Roses 

Loving roses as we do; living among them and watching 
them closely and constantly, under all sorts of conditions; 
having before us reports upon roses from every country on 
earth to which our roses go, and knowing, too, the prize- 
winners and kinds that have pleased amateurs here and 
almost everywhere; watching the new roses as they "come 
out," testing all kinds and holding fast to those which are 
good, — out of an experience hke that has come our choice of 
these 162 roses. See abbreviations for class, growth, pur- 
pose, and pruning, explained on pages 39 to 42. 

AGNES EMILY CARMAN. H.R. Flowers brilliant crimson, velvety; 
very fragrant. Hedge, bush. Perfectly hardy. Prune 5, 7 + - 

ALBERIC BARBIER. H.W. Flowers in clusters, double, creamy 
white with canary-yellow center; fragrant. ^ Leaves bronzy red in 
spring and glossy; almost evergreen, and not liable to be troubled with 
insects. Very vigorous. Pergola, arch, banks, etc. Prune 6, 7 — . 

ALEXANDER HILL GRAY. T. Flowers deep lemon-yellow, which 
intensifies as the blooms develop; large, of deep substance and 
perfect formation. Gold Medal, N. R. S. Garden, bedding, cut- 
flower. Prune 4. 

ALISTER STELLA GRAY (Golden Rambler). N. Flowers rich apri- 
cot-yellow, changing to white with yellow center; delightfufly fra- 
grant and constant in bloom. Moderately vigorous. Pillar, arch, 
trellis. Needs winter-protection. Prune 5, 7 + « 



44 HOW TO GROW ROSES 

AMERICAN BEAUTY. H.P. Flowers deep pink to crimson; intensely 
fragrant. Cut-flowers. Prune 2 for Ex., 4 for Q. 

AMERICAN BEAUTY, CLIMBING. H.W. Flowers deep pink to 
crimson; fragrant. Produces hundreds of perfect blooms at one time. 
Very vigorous. Pergola, arch, porch, etc. Prune 6, 7 — . 

AMERICAN PILLAR. Mult. Flowers chaste pink; single; large, 3 to 
4 inches across; in large clusters. Leaves almost evergreen. Very 
vigorous. Has attractive, brilliant red hips in autumn. Pergolas, 
pillar, etc. Prune 6, 7. (See illustration in color, on title-page.) 

ANNA DE DIESBACH. H.P. Flowers rose; fragrant; profuse. 
Garden. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration, page 43.) 

ANTOINE RI VOIRE. ^ H.T. Creamy white to deeper yellow and 
peachy pink center. Vigorous. Garden and bedding. Prune 3. 

ARTHUR R. GOODWIN. H.T. Buds and flowers rich coppery 
orange-red which shades to salmon-pink as the flower ages; very 
lasting; blooms large and double. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. 

AUNT HARRIET. H.W. Flowers scarlet-crimson, very bright. 
Vigorous. Pergola, pillar. Prune 6, 7. 

AVIATEUR BLERIOT. H.W. Flowers deep saffron-yeUow and 
copper. Vigorous. Pergola, arch, pillar, etc. Prune 6, 7. 

BABY DOROTHY. P. Flowers bright pink. Incessant bloomer. 
Dwarf, 20 in. Bedding, edging. Prune 3. 

BABY RAMBLER, RED (Mme. Norbert Levavasseur).^ P. Flowers 
dark red. Blooms all the time. Dwarf. Bedding, edging. Prune 3. 
(See cut page 43.) 

BEAUTY OF ROSEMAWR. Bou. Flowers rich carmine-rose, veined 
with creamy white. Very floriferous. Garden, bedding. Prune 4. 

BESS LOVE rr. H.W. Flowers scarlet-crimson. Very vigorous. 
Pergola, pillar, arch, etc. Prune 6, 7. 

BETTY. H.T. Flowers coppery rose and golden yellow; very fragrant. 
A novelty. Garden, bedding. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. 

BIRDIE BLYE. Mult. Flowers bright satiny rose. Continual bloomer. 
Grows 4 to 6 feet. Pillar, bush. Prune 5. 

BLANC DOUBLE DE COUBERT. H.R. Flowers white, double, large 
and showy. Very hardy. Vigorous. Hedge, bush. Prune 5, 7 — . 

BLANCHE MOREAU. M. Flowers pure white; large and full. 
Bedding. Prune 3. 

BRIDESMAID. T. Flowers rose-pink, crimson-shaded; full and fra- 
grant. Bedding, cut-flower. Prune 2 for Ex., 4 for Q. (See illus- 
tration in color, page 103.) 

CARMINE PILLAR. C.H.T. Flowers single, rich carmine-red; very 
fine; looks like a clematis. Vigorous. Trellis, pillar, arch. Prune 5. 



^3^ 



With petals fashioned like sea-shells, tinted and toned in shades 
of rose and pink, superlatives fail in describing the satisfactory beauty 
of KILLARNEY, the renowned Hybrid Tea Rose. 

Fortunate it is for Rose-lovers that Mother Nature has been so 
generous in giving us so many members in the Killarney family, 
all of them rare beauties, such as Killarney Brilliant, KiHarney 
Oueen, and White Killarney. 

For open-ground planting under different conditions of climate, 
this Killarney Rose family may be depended upon to repay bounti- 
fully the attention and care which all Roses should receive. 



46 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 



CHAMPION OF THE WORLD (Mrs. De Graw). Bou. Flowers rich, 
rosy pink; large, full and deliciously sweet. Free bloomer. Garden 
bedding. Prune 5. 

CHATEAU DE CLOS VOUGEOT. H.T. Flowers velvety maroon, 
shaded fiery red, very dark. Garden. Prune 2. (See illustration, 
page 47.) 

CHRISTINE \yRIGHT. H.W. Flowers clear wild-rose-pink; beautiful 
in bud. Foliage large, thick, leathery. Pillar, arch, arbor, trellis. 
Prune 6, 7. 

CLIO. H.P. Flowers flesh-color, shaded pink; large; fine form. Vigor- 
ous. A very choice variety. Garden. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q, 

COLUMBIA. H.T. Flowers rose-pink, very large and double. Garden, 
bedding. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. 

CONRAD F. MEYER. H.R. Flowers clear silvery rose; large, per- 
fectly double, elegantly formed; very fragrant; flowers and buds of 
fine form. Very hardy. Garden, bush or hedge. Prune 6+. 

CORONATION. H.W. Flowers crimson-scarlet. Very vigorous. New. 
Pergola, arch, porch, etc. Prune 6, 7 — . 

CRESTED MOSS. M. Flowers choice pink, and heavily mossed. A 

lovely old favorite. Bedding. Prune 3. 
DEVON I ENS IS. T. Flowers creamy white with rosy center. Very 

full. An old-time favorite. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 




An all-buinnier show ot blooiu. An e\aiuplc ol \\liaLl>ab,\ Ixambkiswil 
do in a bed 



ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS 47 




Chateau de Clos Vougeot (see p. 46) 



Sunburst (see page 61) 



DR. W. VAN FLEET. H.W. Flowers rich flesh-color. Stems 18 inches 
long. CHOICE. Very vigorous. Pergola, arch, etc. Prune 6, 7—. 

DOROTHY PERKINS. H.W. Flowers beautiful shell-pink; free- 
bloomer; large clusters. Most popular rose in its class and color, 
and blooms in time for use at June weddings. Very vigorous. Arches, 
porches, pergolas, etc. Prune 6, 7 — . (See illustration in color, page 58.) 

DOROTHY PERKINS, WHITE. H.W. Flowers snow-white; free- 
bloomer; large clusters. Very vigorous. Habit like Pink Dorothy 
Perkins. Arches, porches, pergolas, etc. Prune 6, 7 — . 

DUCHESSE DE BRABANT. T. Flowers deep rosy pink, edged with 
silver. Has been extensively planted about the White House, at 
Washington, D. C, a free bloomer. Bedding. Prune 4. 

DUCHESS OF WELLINGTON. H.T. Flowers intense saff'ron- 
yellow. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 3. (See cut page 49.) 

ELLEN POULSEN. T.P. FIo\vers brilliant pink; full; sweet-scented. 
Very floriferous. Garden, bedding, edging. Prune 3. 

ERNA TESCHENDORFF. P. Flowers rich crimson, freely produced. 
An improved Red Baby Rambler. Bedding, edging. Prune 3. 

ETOILE DE FRANCE. H.T. Flowers intense, brilliant crimson; 
extra-large, double; very free bloomer; fragrant; buds large, pointed. 
Vigorous. Bedding. A choice variety. Prune 2. 

EXCELSA (Red Dorothy Perkins). H.W. Iridescent rosy crimson. Very 
vigorous. Late-flowering. Fine in every way. Arch, porch, trellis, 
etc. Prune 6, 7 — . 



48 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 




Frau Karl Druschki Gen. Jacqueminot 



Gloire Lyonnaise 
See page 49 



FLORENCE PEMBERTON. H.T. Flowers creamy white, suffused 
pink; large, full, perfect form; high-pointed center. Bush, garden. 
Prune 2. 

FRANCIS SCOTT KEY. H.T. Flowers crimson-red and very full. 
Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

FRAU KARL DRUSCHKI (White American Beauty). H.P. Flowers 
pure snow-white; immense (4 to 5 inches across), perfectly double. 
The finest pure white rose in this class; not fragrant. Vigorous. 
Bedding, bush, garden. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration.) 

GARDENIA. H.W. Flowers yellow, changing to creamy white; fragrant; 
free bloomer. Very vigorous; creeping. Prune 6, 7 — . (See illustra- 
tion in color, page 12.) 

GENERAL JACQUEMINOT. H.P. Flowers brilliant crimson, 
velvety; fragrant. Vigorous. Bedding, garden, pot, and standard. 
Prune 2 for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration in color, page 70.) 

GENERAL MACARTHUR. H.T. Flowers glowing crimson-scarlet; 
fragrant. Vigorous. Bedding, garden. Prune 2. 

GENERAL-SUPERIOR ARNOLD JANSSEN. H.T. Flowers deep 
glowing carmine, large, and freely produced. Garden, bedding. 
Prune 2. 

GEORGE ARENDS (Pink Frau Karl Druschki). H.P. Flowers tender, 
rose-pink. Garden, bedding. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. 

GEORGE DICKSON. H.T. Flowers velvety dark crimson, back of 
petals heavily veined with deep, pure crimson-maroon. Garden, 
bedding. Prune 2. 

GEORGE ELGER. P. Flowers rich chrome-yellow; small but pro- 
duced continually. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. 

GLOIRE DE CHEDANE GUINOISSEAU. H.P. Flowers bright 
vermilion-red. Bedding, garden. Prune 2 for Ex., 3 for Q. 



ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS 49 




Duchess of Wellington 
See page 47 



Los Angeles 
See page 52 



Ophelia 
See page 59 



GLOIRE LYONNAISE. H.P. Flowers pale lemon; large. Very vig- 
orous. Garden, bedding. Prune 2 for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration, 
page 48.) 

GRUSS AN AACHEN.^ T.P.^ Flowers flesh-pink and yellow; very 
double and free-flowering. Vigorous. Edging, bedding. Prune 4. 

GRUSS AN TEPLITZ. H.T. Flowers bright crimson; free bloomer. 
Vigorous. Garden, bedding, bush, and standard. Prune 5. 

GRUSS AN TEPLITZ, CLIMBING. C.H.T. Flowers crimson, pass- 
ing to velvety, fiery red. Vigorous. Pillar, arch. Prune 7—. 

HADLEY. H.T. Flowers deep velvety crimson that does not fade; 
perfectly formed. Garden, bedding. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. 

HARISON'S YELLOW. A.B. Flowers clear golden yellow cover the 
bush; blooms early. Vigorous. Bush, hedge. Prune 5. 

HARRY KIRK. T. Flowers deep suIphur-yellow with edge of petals 
lighter; intensely fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

HENRI MARTIN. M. Flowers bright rosy red; fragrant; large. Free 
bloomer; vigorous. Fine in its class. Prune 3. 

HERMOSA. C. Flowers pink, in clusters; fragrant. Free bloomer; 
vigorous. Garden, bedding, and standard. Prune 3. 

HIAWATHA. H.W. Flowers brilliant scarlet; single; bright and 
effective. Vigorous. Arch, trellis, etc. Prune 6, 7 — .' 

HOOS I ER BEAUTY. H.T. Flowers glowing crimson; one of the rich- 
est-colored roses in cultivation; large, full, and deliciously sweet. 
Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 3. 

HUGH DICKSON. H.P. New. Flowers brilliant crimson, shaded 
scarlet; very large and full; fine form. Free-flowering and vigorous. 
Highly perfumed. Garden. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. 



50 HOW TO GROW ROSES 

HUGONIS. Species. New. Flowers dear yellow, single, but produced 
in such profusion that they almost hide the foliage. Foliage is small 
and dainty, more like an acacia than a rose leaf. Hardy everywhere 
in the United States. Bush, hedge. Prune 5. 

HUGO ROLLER. T. Flowers lemon-yellow and crimson. A tea- 
scented "pictorial" flower. Garden, bedding. Prune 2 for Ex., 4 for Q. 

IRISH FIREFLAME. H.T. Flowers orange and crimson; large and 
single, borne in lovely sprays. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. 

J. B. CLARK. H.P. Flowers intense, deep scarlet, shaded blackish 
crimson. Vigorous. Garden, bedding. Prune 2 for Ex., 3 for Q. 

JONKHEER J. L. MOCK. H.T. Flowers carmine on the outside, 
lovely soft pink inside. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 2. 

JOSEPH HILL. H.T. Flowers pure salmon and gold, outside of petals 
pinkish copper. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

JULIET. Per. Flowers old-goId on the outside while the inside is rosy 
red, changing to deep rose as the flowers expand. Large, fuH, and 
dehghtfully fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 4. 

KAISERIN AUGUSTE VICTORIA. H.T. Flowers white, shading 
to lemon; deep; full; fragrant. Free bloomer. Garden. Prune 3. 
(See page 60.) 

KATHARINA ZEIMET (White Baby Rambler). P. Flowers pure 
white, blooms incessantly. Bedding, edging. Prune 3. (See illustra- 
tion, page 46.) 

KILLARNEY. H.T. Flowers brilliant pink; long, pointed buds. Free 
bloomer; moderately vigorous. A great favorite. Garden, bedding, 
cut-flower. Prune 3. (See illustration in color, page 45.) 

KILLARNEY BRILLIANT. H.T. Flowers larger, more double, and 

a deeper pink than the parent Killarney; fragrant. A free bloomer. 

Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 3. 
KILLARNEY, WHITE. H.T. Flowers pure white, long-pointed buds. 

Vigorous. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 3. (See illustration, 

page 153.) 
LADY ALICE STANLEY. H.T. Flowers deep coral-rose and pale 

flesh; large; exceptionally full; very lasting when cut. Garden, bed- 
ding, cut-flower. Prune 3. 
LADY ASHTOWN. H.T. Flowers pale rose, shading to yellow at base 

of petals. Garden, bedding. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. 
LADY ASHTOWN, CLIMBING. C.H.T. Flowers pale rose, shading 

to yellow at base of petals. Vigorous. Pillar, trellis, arch. Prune 6. 
LADY HILLINGDON. T. Flowers deep apricot-yellow, shading to 

orange. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 2. (See cut, page 52.) 
LADY MARY WARD. H.T. Flowers rich orange, shaded deeper 

orange with metallic veneering. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 
LADY PIRRIE. H.T. Flowers coppery red, changing to salmon and 

ivory-white. Garden, bedding. Prune 2, 




AinoHK ;Iie pink Hvhrid IVrixMual Roses, MRS. JOHN LAING 
stands well in the lead, — not so large as Paul Neyron, but more *'"€'« m 
bloom, with excellent form, clear color and rich fragrance. GEORGE 
ARENDS also is worth noting as in the same class with the above and 
with even hner form. 



S2 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 




Lady Hillingdon (see page 50) 



Wm. R. Smith (see page 62) 



LA FRANCE. H.T. Flowers silvery rose, changing to pink; fine form; 
sweet; large; lovely buds. Moderately vigorous. Garden, bush, 
standard, and cut-flower. Prune 2. (See illustration, page 53.) 

LA TOSCA. H.T. Flowers rose. Free bloomer; good; vigorous. Gar- 
den, bush, bedding. Prune 2 for Ex., 4 for Q. 

lAURENT CARLE. H.T. Flowers brilliant, velvety carmine; large 
and perfect; intensely fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. (Seep. 57.) 

LE POILU. H.W. Flowers satiny rose, passing to pinkish lavender. 
Vigorous. Pergola, arch, porch, etc. Prune 6. 

LOS ANGELES. H.T. Flowers luminous pale pink and coral shaded 
with gold; large and very fragrant. Vigorous. Garden bedding. 
Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration, page 49.) 

LOUISE CATHERINE BRESLAU. Per. Flowers shrimp-pink, 
shaded with reddish coppery orange and chrome-yellow on the 
reverse of petals. Garden, bedding. Prune 5. 

LOUISE WELTER (Baby Tausendschon). P. Flowers deep pink to 
white, identical in color with the popular climbing Tausendschon, or 
Thousand Beauties, Bedding, edging. Prune 5. 

MME. ALFRED CARRIERE. N. Flowers cream-white, tinged pale 
yellow; large, full, double, and sweet. Vigorous grower. Porch, arch, 
trellis. Prune 7. 

MME. CAMILLE. T. Flowers flesh, changing to salmon; large, full 
and sweet. Constant bloomer; vigorous. Bedding. Prune 2. 

MME. CAROLINE TESTOUT. H.T. Flowers clear pink, edged sil- 
very rose. Magnificent variety. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. (See 
illustration in color, page 12.) 



ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS 53 




Magna Charta 
See page 56 



White Killarney 
See page 50 



La France 

See page 52 



MME. CAROLINE TESTOUT, CLIMBING. C.H.T. Flowers clear, 
rich pink; large and full. Vigorous. Pillar, arch, trellis. Prune 7. 

MME. CHARLES LUTAUD. H.T. Flowers deep chrome-yellow, 
sometimes tinged rosy scarlet. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

MME. EDMOND ROSTAND. H.T. Flowers pale flesh, shaded with 
salmon, center reddish orange — distinct and charming. Garden, 
bedding. Prunie 5. 

MME. EDOUARD HERRIOT (The Daily Mail Rose). Per. The 
most unique variety, recently introduced. Flowers medium size, 
semi-double, superbly colored, coral-red shaded with yellow and 
bright rosy scarlet, passing to prawn- red. Garden, bedding. Prune 5. 

MME. EUGENE MARLITT. Bou. Flowers carmine-red; fragrant. 
Free bloomer. Vigorous. Bedding. Prune 4, tip severely. 

MME. JULES GROLEZ. H.T. Flowers china-rose, passing to clear, 
rich satiny pink. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

MME. LEON PAIN. H.T. Flowers silvery salmon, center orange- 
yellow. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

MME. MELANIE SOUPERT. H.T. Flowers salmcn-yellow, suffused 
carmine; fragrant. Free bloomer. Garden, bedding. Prune2. (Seep. 61.) 

MME. PLANTIER. Alba. Flowers pure white. Vigorous; very free 
bloomer. Bush, hedge. Prune 6. 

MME. RAVARY. H.T. Flowers rich orange-yellow. Free-blooming 
and deliciously fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

MME. SECOND WEBER. H.T. Flowers salmon-flesh color, deep 
pink when opening. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

MLLE. CECILE BRUNNER, P. Flowers seashell-pink, borne in 
sprays continually. Garden, bedding, bouquets. Prune 5, 




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56 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 




Miss Alice de Rothschild 

See page 57 



Mrs. Wakefield Christie-Miller 
See page 57 



MAGNA CHARTA. H.P. Flowers pink, suffused with carmine. 
Vigorous. Bedding. Prune 2 for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration, page 53.) 

MAM AN COCHET. T. Flowers deep coral-pink; large, very double, 
full; fragrant. Vigorous. Garden, bush. Prune 2. 

MAMAN COCHET, PINK, CLIMBING. C.T. Flowers coral-pink, 
shaded rosy crimson. Porch, pergola, arch, etc. Prune 4. 

MAMAN COCHET, WHITE. T. Flowers pure white; large, full and 
fragrant; buds long, pointed. Garden, bush. Prune 2. 

MARECHAL NIEL. N. Flowers deep yellow; large, globular, full 
and sweet. Vigorous. A most beautiful climber. Hardy only in the 
South. Porch, pillar, pot, standard, etc. Prune 5. 

MARIE PAVIE. T.P. Flowers white with delicate rose center. Un- 
surpassed as a bush cemetery rose. Blooms unceasingly and is quite 
hardy. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. 

MARIE VAN HOUTTE. T. Flowers pale yellow, edged rose; large, 
full, and fragrant. Constant bloomer; vigorous. Bedding. Prune 2. 

MARQUISE DE SINETY. H.T._ Buds rich yellow-ocher, suffused with 
carmine; the expanded flower is yellow, shaded rosy red. Garden, 
bedding. Prune 2. 

MARY, COUNTESS OF ILCHESTER. H.T. Flowers beautiful 
crimson-carmine; very large and double. Garden, bedding. Prune 2, 

MARY LOVETT. W. Flowers pure pearly white; same type as the 
beautiful Dr. W. Van Fleet. Pergola, arch, etc. Prune 6, j — . 



ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS S7 




Mrs. Aaron Ward 



Laurent Carle (see page 52) 



MAY QUEEN. W. Flowers clear bright pink and deliciously sweet. 
A great bloomer. Pergola, arch, pillar, bush, hedge. Prune 6. 

MISS ALICE DE ROTHSCHILD. T. Flowers rich yellow. We caU 
it hush Marechal Niel, although it is hardier. Garden, bedding. 
Prune 2. (See illustration, page 57.) 

MRS. AARON WARD. H.T. Flowers Indian yellow, sometimes 
tinged salmon-rose. Garden, bedding; boutonniere. Prune 2. (See up.) 

MRS. A. R. WADDELL. H.T. Flowers coppery red, sufFused with 
salmon. Incessant bloomer. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. (See p. 61.) 

MRS. B. R. CANT. T. Flowers rose-red; large, full, perfectly double; 
fragrant. Constant bloomer; vigorous. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. 

MRS. EMILY GRAY. H.W. Flowers yellow; does not fade. Very 
vigorous. Porch, arch, pergola, wall, etc. Prune 7. 

MRS. JOHN LAING. H.P. Flowers soft pink; large, full, and fragrant. 
Free bloomer; vigorous. Garden, bedding. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. 
(See illustration in color, page 51.) 

MRS. ROBERT PEARY. C.H.T. Flowers lemon-white, perfectly 
formed. Moderately vigorous. Pillar, trellis. Prune 5. 

MRS. WAKEFIELD CHRISTIE-MILLER. H.T. Flowers soft 
pearly blush. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. (See illustration, page 56.} 

MY MARYLAND. H.T. Flowers lovely salmon-pink, very freely 
produced on long stems. Garden, bedding, cutting. Prune 2. 




The list of Hardy Climbing Roses has been wonderfully 
enriched during the last fifteen years by the addition of such 
varieties as DOROTHY PERKINS (as pictured above); also 
White Dorothy and Excelsa, or Red Dorothy. 

Their long, willowy branches, easily trained over almost any 
object, will, with reasonable care and nourishment, often attain 
a length of 20 feet in one season. 



ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS 59 

NEW CENTURY. H.R. Flowers clear flesh-pink with light red center; 
deliciously sweet fragrance, like the wild rose. Extremely hardy. 
Hedge, bush, or garden. Prune 6. 

OPHELIA. H.T. Flowers salmon-flesh color, shaded with rose. 
Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 2. (See iflustration, page 49.) 

ORLEANS. P. Flowers vivid rosy crimson. Garden, bedding, edging. 
Prune 3. 

PAUL NEYRON. H.P. Flowers deep rose; fragrant; opens flat. Vig- 
orous. Bedding, garden. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. 

PAUL'S SCARLET CLIMBER. H.W. Flowers vivid scarlet. Vig- 
orous; very fine. Porch, arch, pergola, wall, etc. Prune 7. 

PERLE DES JARDINS. T. Flowers deep yellow; very large, full, and 
fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. (See illustration in color, 
page 32.) 

PERSIAN YELLOW. A.B. Flowers deep, rich, golden yellow. 
Garden, bush, hedge. Prune 6. (See illustration in color, page 63.) 

PHARISAER. H.T. Flowers rosy white, shaded with salmon. Vig- 
orous. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 2. 

PHILADELPHIA RAMBLER. Mult. Flowers intense crimson; 

double; in large clusters. Very vigorous. Arch, porch, etc. Hardy. 

Prune 6 — , 7+. 
PRINCE CAMILLE DE ROHAN. H.P. Flowers velvety crimson; 

large. Vigorous. Bedding. Prune 2 for Ex., 3 for Q. 

QUEENS SCARLET. C. Flowers rich velvety scarlet; size medium. 
Constant in bloom. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. 




Mrs. John Laing (see page 57) 



6o 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 




Rayon d'Or 



Kaiserin Auguste Victoria 
See page 50 



RADIANCE. H.T. Flowers rosy carmine and pink. Fine for mass 
planting. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

RAYON D'OR. Per. Flowers rich yellow, turning to sunflower- 
yellow. Foliage very fine. Vigorous. Garden. Prune 3. (See cut.) 

RED RADIANCE. H.T. Flowers clear cerise-red. Vigorous. Garden, 
bedding. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. 

ROGER LAMBELIN. H.P. Flowers glowing crimson with pure white 
around the edge of each petal. Unique. Garden, bedding. Prune i 
for Ex., 3 for Q. 

RUBY QUEEN. H.W. Flowers ruby, with white center; large; double; 
in clusters. Vigorous. Pergola, pillar, etc. Prune 6, 7 + . 

RUGOSA ALBA. R. Flowers snow-white; large; single. Free bloomer. 
Very vigorous. Bush, hedge. Prune 6. 

RUGOSA RUBRA. R, Flowers rosy crimson; large; single. Free 
bloomer. Very vigorous. Bush, hedge. Prune 6. 

SAFRANO. T. Flowers apricot-yellow; fragrant; semi-double. Con- 
stant bloomer. Vigorous. Bedding, garden. Prune 3. 

SHOWER OF GOLD. H.W. Flowers deep golden yellow, borne in 
fine trusses. Beautiful, vivid, glossy green foliage. Very vigorous. 
Arch, pergola, porch, etc. -Prune 6, 7 — . 

SILVER MOON. H.W. Flowers snow-white; very large; single. Very 
vigorous. Arch, pergola, porch, etc. Prune 7. 



ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS 6i 




Mme. Melanie Soupert 
See page 53 



Mrs. A. R. Waddell 
See page 57 



SIR THOMAS LIPTON. H.R. Flowers pure white; fragrant. Con- 
stant bloomer. Leaves beautiful. Very hardy. Vigorous. Hedge, bush. 
Prune 5, 7 + . 

SOLE I L D'OR (Sun of Gold). Per. Flowers reddish gold, orange-yel- 
low, nasturtium-red, and rosy pink; spicy orange fragrance. Garden, 
bedding. Prune 4. 

SOUV. DE GUSTAVE PRAT. H.T. Flowers clear light sulphur- 
yellow. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

SOUV. DE LA MALMAISON. Bou. Flowers lovely creamy flesh with 
rose center, elegantly shaded. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. 

SOUV. DE PIERRE NOTTING. T. Flowers apricot-yellow, shaded 
orange. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

SOUV. DU PRESIDENT CARNOT. H.T. Flowers shell-pink, tinted 
with fawn; large and full. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 2. 

SUNBURST. H.T. Flowers intense orange-copper and golden yellow. 
Extra fine. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

SWEETBRIAR (R. rubiginosa). S.B. Flowers pink; single. Foliage 
delightfully fragrant. Vigorous. Hedge, bush. Prune 6, 7+. 

TAUSENDSCHON. Mult. Flowers white to deep pink. Very vig- 
orous. Has few thorns. Fine. Porch, arch, etc. Prune 6, 7 — . (See 
illustration in color, page 78.) 

TIP-TOP (Baby Doll). P. Flowers pink, yellow gold, and lavender 
combined. Dwarf grower. Bedding, edging. Prune 5, 



62 HOW TO GROW ROSES 



! -^« 

^ 


fei 


,% 


^4 


M 


t'*^?i.- 


'H 




7^ 



A tasteful arrangement of Ulrich Brunner roses 

ULRICH BRUNNER. H.P. Flowers rich red; fragrant; petals broad, 
round, thick. A standard variety. Vigorous. Garden, bedding, and 
standard. Prune l for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration in color, 
page 94.) 

VIRIDIFLORA. C. Flowers with curious green petals, like a 
bunch of calyxes. Fine for St. Patrick's Day. Blooms freely. Garden. 
Prune 2. 

WICHURAIANA. W. Flowers pure white; single. Leaves glossy, 
free from insects. Will grow anywhere. Splendid for holding banks 
from washing. Vigorous. Creeping. Prune 6, 7 + . 

WILLIAM ALLEN RICHARDSON. N. Flowers coppery yellow, 
tinged with carmine; deliciously fragrant. Not hardy. Splendid for 
the South. Vigorous. Porch, pillar. Prune 5. 

WM. R. SMITH. T. Blush-pink; large; full. Vigorous grower. Gar- 
den, bedding. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration, page 52.) 

WILLIAM SHEAN. H.T. Flowers pure pink with delicate ochery 
venation; very large. Vigorous. Bedding, garden. Prune 3. 

WILLOWMERE. H.T. Flowers rich shrimp-pink, shaded yellow 
in the center. Garden, bedding. Prune 4. 

YORK AND LANCASTER. Damask. Flowers striped red and 
white. Very hardy. A very old and rather rare rose. Associated 
with the "Wars of the Roses." Garden. Prune 4. ''See illustration, 
page 7.) 




'I he beautiful PERSIAN YELLOW Rose is eom- 
mencled highly, especially to those living in the colder 
sections of our country. 

Its rich coloring and hardiness, combined with its early 
season of bloom and fragrant young foliage, give it a 
value among Roses comparable to the value of gold 
among metals. 

A cousin to this Rose is HARISON'S YELLOW; like 
It in color but less double in bloom and more able to care 
for itself wherever planted. Both bloom earlier than even 
the Rugosas though not so early as HUGONIS. 



64 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 




La France. Beautiful on the lawn; just as fine in vases 

Roses for Various Purposes and Uses 
Twelve Star Varieties 

In selecting the best roses, there are so many qualities to 
be considered that it requires a large collection and unusual 
opportunities to watch and study them under every possible 
condition they are hkely to encounter. We have been 
fortunate in having unusual facihties for this experimental 
work. Furthermore, our observation extends over a long 
period of years, during which, each season, we have obtained 
and tried out all new sorts of promise, and thus aim to have 
the best obtainable constantly on trial. We also travel 
extensively and visit rose-gardens in many states of the 
Union. Due regard has been given to the published experi- 
ences of other dependable rose-lovers, in reaching our own 
conclusions. 

To pass our severe test, a rose must prove itself a vigorous 
grower and an abundant bloomer, and must also excel its 
rivals either in size, color, form, fragrance, or habit. 

So many friends ask us to select their roses that we believe 
they must have read Pemberton's advice. (See page 38.) 



ROSES FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES 



65 



These pages answer your questions before you ask them; 
they save you the expense of experiments; and, if you do 
your part, you can count on a reward of good bloom. 



Columbia (H.T.). Pink. 
Duchess of Wellington (H.T.). 

Yellow. 
Frau Karl Druschki (H.P.). White. 
General Mac Arthur (H.T.). Red. 
Gruss an Teplitz (H.T.). Red. 
Kaiserin Auguste Victoria (H.T.). 

White. 



Los Angeles (H.T.). Pink. 
Prince Camille de Rohan (H.P.). 

Red. 
Radiance (H.T.). Pink. 
Red Radiance (H.T.). Red. 
Sunburst (H.T.). Yellow. 
White Maman Cochet (T.). White. 



Twelve Cold-Country Roses 

Here are roses selected from among those that live out- 
doors over winter and thrive in locahties north of the lati- 
tude of New York and Chigago. These laugh at zero weather. 



Conrad F. Meyer (H.R.). Pink. 
Frau Karl Druschki (H.P.). White. 
George Arends (H.P.). Pink. 
Gloire de Chedane Guinoisseau 

(H.P.). Red. 
Gloire Lyonnaise (H.P,). Cream. 
Hugh Dickson (H.P.). Red. 



May Queen (H.W.). Pink. 
Mrs. John Laing (H.P.). Pink. 
Paul Neyron (H.P.). Pink. 
Sir Thomas Lipton (H.R.). White. 
Souv. de P. Leperdrieux (H.R.). 

Red. 
Ulrich Brunner (H.P.). Red. 



W^ 




Hybrid Rugosas 



Invaluable for cold-country planting, 
the beautiful foliage 



66 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 




Nearly every Rome may have a dozen buslies like tliese 



Twelve Sunny South Roses 

If you live on the sunny side of the frost-Kne and wish a set 
of superior sorts for a warm country, here are twelve that we 
know you will find supremely satisfying. 

These are our favorite twelve in a cHmate where there is 
httle danger from frost. They will winter well as far north as 
Washington, D. C. 

Countess of Gosford (H.T.). Sal- 
mon. 

Duchess of Wellington (H.T.). 
Yellow. 

Hadley (H.T.). Red. 

Hoosier Beauty (H.T.). Red. 

Maman Cochet (T.). Pink. 

Marie Van Houtte (T.). Tinted. 



Mme. Melanie Soupert (H.T.). 

Yellow. 
Mrs. B. R. Cant (T.). Red. 
Radiance (H.T.). Pink. 
Safrano (T.). Yellow. 
Sunburst (H.T.). Yellow. 
White Killarney (H.T.). White. 



ROSES FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES 



67 



Climbing Roses That Will Cover Quickly, 
Trellises, Porches, Buildings, Etc. 

Every home has room for a few climbers, because vines 
around a house decorate it as nothing else does, and to have 
vines that will hand you forth roses — imagine the pleasure 
of that! 

Where you hve makes a difference; roses that will grow 
to cover your house with bloom in northern New England 
are not the kinds to do the same in the sunny South. So, 
think of these things when you order, or, better still, leave it 
all to your grower, who will select to suit your home and 
chmate. For example, here are three sets, each one good for 
the section indicated. Order accordingly, and you will get 
pleasing results. 
(See list of climbing roses recommended for this purpose on page 68.) 




^'^'^^^^^ 



Dorothy Perkins roses in cold New England, growing over a cottage of 
Thos. W. Lawson, Dreamwold, Massachusetts. 



68 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 



We recommend the following roses for the uses described 
on the preceding page: 

For a Warm Climate — Everblooming Climbers — Page 

Climbing Gruss an Teplitz. Red 49 

Mrs. Robert Peary. White 57 

Marechal Niel. Yellow ^6 

Climbing Pink Maman Cochet. Pink 56 

For a Tem,perate Climate (latitude of Philadelphia and New York) — 

Dorothy Perkins. Pink 47 

Excelsa (Red Dorothy). Red 47 

White Dorothy Perkins. White 47 

Mrs. Emily Gray. Yellow 57 

For a Cold Climate (where winters are long and severe) — 

Dr. W. Van Fleet. Pink 47 

Mary Lovett. White 56 

Ruby Queen. Red 60 

Tausendschon. Pink and white 61 

Archways, Arbors, Summer-Houses, Pergolas, and 
for Beautifying Boundaries, Fences, Etc. 

Certain roses 
lend themselves 
admirably to being 
trained over objects 
on which they can 
have support. The 
best kinds for such 
a purpose, we think, 
are: 

Dorothy Perkins. 

Pink 47 

Ruby Queen. Red 60 
American Pillar, 

Single. Pink . . 
Excelsa (Red 

Dorothy Perkins) 
Tausendschon. 

Blush ..... 61 
Aviateur Bleriot. 

Yellow .... 44 

Quite as pretty 
an effect may be 
had with certain 
other kinds by 




44 



47 



Effective uses of Hybrid Wichuraianas 



ROSES FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES 




lovely spot in the famous Gravereaux Rose-garden near Paris 



allowing them to grow over a fence, as shown on page 71. 
Their willowy vine-like branches are very graceful, the 
fohage is shiny and almost evergreen, giving these the 
advantage over the Ramblers of being attractive even when 
not in bloom and almost the entire year. 



Alberic Barbier 43 

Coronation 46 

Dorothy Perkins. Pink ... 47 

Dorothy Perkins. White . . 47 

Excelsa 47 



Page 

Gardenia 48 

Le Poilu 52 

Silver Moon 60 

Universal Favorite. Pink . .115 
Wichuraiana, Single. White . 62 



The above-mentioned roses flower during one period of 
the year only, but are hardier for cold chmates than the fol- 
lowing, which, if well cared for and properly nourished, will 
continue to produce some bloom during summer and autumn. 

Page 

Climbing Gruss an Teplitz. Red 49 

Climbing Killarney. Pink 115 

Climbing Lady Ashtown. Pink 50 

Chmbing Mme. Caroline Testout 115 

Climbing Pink Maman Cochet $6 

Chmbing White Kilhirney 115 

Reine Marie Ilenricttc 115 

Shower of Gold. Yellow; shiny foliage 60 




THE STANDARD HYBRID PERPETUAL, GEKf. JACQUEMINOT 

Do you know the quaint custom that still holds in one of the country- 
towns of Pennsylvania, whereby, in accordance with the will of Baron 
Stiegel, there is paid for the church property, with an appropriate anniver- 
sary celebration, an annual rental of one red Rose? 

No other Rose can be counted upon for this service so surely as the dear 
old favorite "Jack." 



ROSES FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES 



71 



For Covering a Bank, Stumps, or Like Objects 

The Wichuraiana is an ideal cover rose. It is remarkably 
free from both insects and disease and looks clean and fresh 
the entire year. 

It bears bright berries, which the birds like. Enterprising 

railroad companies use Wichuraianas to hold embankments 

in place; they also add to the roadside beauty. 

Gardenia (Hardy Marechal Nfel). Yellow. (See page 48.) 
Coronation. (New.) Pink. (See page 46.) 
Universal Favorite (Double Pink Memorial). (See page 115.) 
Wichuraiana (Single). White. For growing on banks. One plant of 
Wichuraiana will easily cover 6 square feet of ground. (See page 62.) 

Most of the Hybrid Wichuraianas are also well suited for 
covering purposes. 






%J^" 






^■m 



*^^3»» 




Here is a beautiful hint, easily and cheaply adopted by anyone whose 
fences are bare. See varieties mentioned above 



72 HOW TO GROW ROSES 

For Screen Planting and Borders, or Beautifying 
the Unsightly 

Almost every lawn might be improved, if some uncomely 
object or portion in the rear were screened from view. The 
right kind of roses will do it, and give you something beauti- 
ful instead. There are two ways to do it: (i) put up a trellis 
and train over it the roses named on page 71; or (2) if it be 
a low screen, you need only to plant the tall, erect-grow- 
ing Rugosa roses. And if you want a luxuriant growth, dig 
the ground deeply and give these roses plenty of rich 
nourishment. 

Page _ Page 

Birdie BIye. Pink 44 Hugonis. Yellow 50 



Conrad F. Meyer. Silvery pink 46 May Queen. Pink 57 

Christine Wright. Pink . . .46 Ruby Queen. Ruby-red . . 60 
Harison's Yellow 49 Sir Thomas Lipton. White. . 61 



These eight varieties, if set in one group, should be placed 
at least 2 to 3 feet apart. 

Wonderfully pleasing effects may be obtained for screen- 
ing out undesirable objects or views by the erection of trelhs 
formations. These may be made of various designs and 
materials. Over these train the roses recommended on 
pages 68 and 69. 




fence made beautiful with Wichurjiana roseS 



ROSES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES 



73 




The tree Roses in the Bagatelle Gardens in Paris are much larger than 
are customarily seen in American gardens. Some of these are 12 feet high, 
having been budded with Wichuraianas that weep to the ground. 

Standard or Tree Roses 

Tree roses add a distinct touch of elegance to any rose- 
garden. They occupy but little space and are quite imposing. 
Along the sides of walks they produce an avenue effect. 
They look well in the center of a small bed or even appro- 
priately placed in the perennial border. 

Tree roses are produced by budding such cHmbing and 
bush roses as Dorothy Perkins or Gruss an TepHtz on the 
tops of heavy, erect, cane-hke stocks. The bush roses may 
be kept shapely. The cHmbers will w^eep to the ground. 

Tree roses in the past have been less used in this country 
than in Europe because they are harder to grow in our ch- 
mate, where summers are sometimes hot and dry. To over- 
come this handicap you can wrap the tall, slender stalks with 
moss arid keep that moist. Such care, with special winter pro- 
tection, is hkely to be well repaid. They are quite scarce. 



74 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 



Rose Hedges 

These boundary markers are certainly coming to be more 
and more popular as people learn about the splendid quah- 
ties of the Rugosa roses, Sweetbriars, or Altaica for this pur- 
pose. They are not neat, compact, and uniform in growth 
as is a hedge of California Privet, but the thick, bushy mass 
of glossy, crinkled foliage, especially of the Rugosa, gives 
a particularly fine appearance. They are perfectly hardy in 
the coldest winters and are more valuable because the foli- 
age is not troubled with either insects or disease. 

In warmer countries, or even in our own latitude, a single 
row of a free-flowering, erect, bushy rose is sure to be pretty 
and very satisfactory where one wishes simply to mark a 
boundary, as, for example, between the vegetable- and flower- 
garden. For this purpose, Gruss an Aachen, (see page 49) is 
excellent. The small-flowered Polyanthas are also popular, 
especially Baby Rambler, Marie Pavie, and Baby Dorothy. 
The list could readily be extended, and each one would be well 
worth planting. (See list of Polyanthas, page 113.) 




Hybrid Wichuraianas, if given some support, make an excellent hedge 



ROSES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES 



75 



Roses for the Cemetery 

For some cemeteries we recommend roses that almost care 
for themselves — the Wichuraiana type. They creep hke ivy 
and make a mat of shiny fohage which is green for eleven 
months. 

Next to these, we hke the dwarf, compact-growing, free- 
flowering Polyanthas, especially the White Baby Rambler, 
Gruss an Aachen, Marie Pa vie, and Echo. If you can care 
for bush roses, select from the "Best Yet" sets, according to 
locahty. If you want some of the sturdiest growers obtain- 
able, choose from this list: 

Page 

Conrad F. Meyer (H.R.). Pink 46 

Sir Thomas Lipton (H.R.). White 61 

Frau Karl Druschki (H.P.). White 48 

Mme. Plantier (Alba). White 53 

Single Roses 

These are an interesting 
group in themselves and rep- 
resented in various classes. 
The single Irish roses are 
best among the Hybrid 
Teas. 

Irish Elegance (see cut) 
Irish Brightness 
Irish Fireflame 

The species are most 
interesting specimens, 
among which are 
Xanthina, Moy- 
esii,andHugonis. . 
One of the largest 
flowered of the 
subspecies is 
Altaica (page 109) 

For Edging Beds 
See Polyanthas, p. 113. 




76 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 





Columbia (see page 46) 



Radiance (see page 60) 



For *Torcing" under Glass or for Indoor 
Winter Bloom 

These varieties are grown by professional florists in glass- 
houses where they can with nicety regulate the supply of 
heat and moisture, to produce the long-stemmed "beauties" 
seen in florists' windows. While a greenhouse or conserva- 
tory is a wonderful help, indeed essential for best results, 
some people have wonderful success even in their homes by 
growing roses where there is plenty of hght and air. Both 
coal-gas and too dry air are injurious to plant-Hfe and are 
to be carefully guarded against. 

The hst of cut-flower roses most popular in the general 
use is not a long one but is liable to change by reason of the 
great demand among patrons for something new. At present 
the best are: Columbia, Premier, Red Columbia, Ophelia, 
Pilgrim, Double White Killarney, Mrs. Aaron Ward, KiL 
larney Brilhant, Sunburst, Mrs. Charles Russell, Mile. Cecile 
Brunner, Radiance, American Beauty, and Kaiserin Auguste 
Victoria. 



\ 



EXPERT OPINIONS ^^ 

Selections for Special Sections of the 
United States of America 

Those of our readers who hve in the more thickly settled 
sections of our country will recognize, in the following, our 
dependence upon the modern scientific method of learning 
the "best roses" for certain locahties, i.e., the method of 
actually testing them. We have had the good fortune to 
visit personally and to know the rose experts in many sec- 
tions, and they severally have been so kind as to give us the 
benefit of their valuable experience, each in the form of a hst 
of roses they have found to thrive. We stand back of these 
recommendations. (See, also, pages 64 to 76, inclusive.) 

For the Pacific Northwest 
Portland, Ore., is without question the rose-growing center 
of the Pacific Northwest. Nearly everybody there grows 
roses, and the city itself gives promise of having soon the 
finest municipal rose-garden in America. Among Portland's 
rose-growers we know of none more enthusiastic and better 
versed than Mr. J. A. Currey, Chairman of the American 
Rose Society's National Rose Test-Garden, to whom we are 
indebted for the following recommendations: 

Twelve best roses for general cultivation 

Columbia Mme. Caroline Testout 

Frau Karl Druschki Mme. Melanie Soupert 

General MacArthur Maman Cochet 

Grange Colombe Ophelia 

Gruss an Teplitz Richmond 

Hugh Dickson Ulrich Brunner 

Six best climbing or rambling roses 

American Pillar Mme. Alfred Carriere 

Dorothy Perkins Mme. Carohne Testout, Climbing 

Gloire de Dijon Wm. Allen Richardson 

Six best red roses Jor general cultivation 

Avoca J. B. Clark 

General MacArthur Richmond 

Hugh Dickson Ulrich Brunner 



EXPERT OPINIONS 



79 



Roses for the Pacific Northwest, continued 
Six best white roses for general cultivation 

British Queen Grange Colombe 

Florence Pemberton Mme. Jules Bouche 

Frau Karl Druschki Mrs. Foley-Hobbs 

Six best pink roses for general cultivation 

Columbia Maman Cochet 

Lady Ashtown Miss Kate Moulton 

Mme. Caroline Testout Ophelia 

Six best yellow roses for general cultivation 

Joseph Hill Mme. Ravary 

Lady Hillingdon Mrs. Aaron Ward 

Mme. Melanie Soupert Sunburst 

For Minneapolis and Vicinity 
Minneapolis has the largest public rose-garden in the 
Northwest, and Mr. Theodore Wirth, Superintendent of 
Parks, of Minneapolis, Minn., recommends for his section of 
the country the following hst of roses: 



Hybrid Perpetuals 



Anna de Diesbach 

Baroness Rothschild 

Captain Hayward 

Clio 

Frau Karl Druschki 

General Jacqueminot 

Heinrich Schultheis 



Aaron Ward 
Alfred Colomb 
General MacArthur 
George Dickson 
Gruss an Teplitz 
Jonkheer J. L. Mock 
Kaiserin Auguste Vic- 
toria 
Killarney, Pink and 
White 



Crimson Rambler 



Hugh Dickson 
J. B. Clark 
Jules Margottin 
Louis Van Houtte 
Marie Finger 
Marshall P. Wilder 

Hybrid Teas 

Lady Ashtown 
Lady Ursula 
La France 
Laurent Carle 
Mary, Countess of 

Ilchester 
Maman Cochet, White 

and Pink 
Miss Cynthia Forde 



Mme. Gabriel Luizet 

Mrs. John Laing 

Paul Neyron 

Prince Camille de Rohan 

Tom Wood 

Uhich Brunner 



Mme. Caroline Testout 

Mme. Jules Grolez 

Radiance 

Red Radiance 

Souv. du President 

Carnot 
Totote Gelos 
Willowmere 



Climber Ramblers 

Tausendschon. 



(See opposite page.) 



8o 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 




Lady Alice Stanley 



Roses for Minneapolis and 
Vicinity, continued 

Polyanthas 

Abundance 

Clotilde Soupert 

Gloire des Polyanthas 

Jessie 

Marie Pavie 

Mile. Cecile Brunner 

Mme. Norbert Levavasseur 

Mme. Zelia Bourgeois 

Mrs. W. H. Cutbush 

Orleans 

Primula 

Triomphe Orleanais 

White Clotilda Soupert 

Climbing Wichuraianas 

Dorothy Perkins Minnehaha 

Hiawatha Paradise 

La Fiamma The Farquhar Rose 



For Central New York State 
Rev. E. M. Mills, D.D., is president of the Syracuse (New 
York) Rose Society, and perhaps America's nearest 
prototype of Dean Hole, England's great rosarian of beloved 
memory. He recommends the following as the best collection 
of twenty-five Hybrid Teas and Teas for Syracuse and vicin- 
ity, considering hardiness, variety of color, vigor of growth, 
and freedom of bloom. 

Hybrid Teas 

Antoine Rivoire Lady Ashtown 

Chateau de CIos Vougeot Laurent Carle 

Columbia Mme. Jules Bouche 

Duchess of Welhngton Mme. Melanie Soupert 

Florence Pemberton Mme. Segond Weber 

General MacArthur Miss Cynthia Forde 

Gruss an Teplitz Mrs. Aaron Ward 

Killarney, Pink Ophelia 

Konigin Carola Radiance 

Lady Alice Stanley Sunburst 

Teas 

Harry Kirk Marie Van Houtte Wm. R. Smith 

Lady Hillingdon White Maman Cochet 



EXPERT OPINIONS 



For Roslyn and Northwest Long Island 

Admiral Aaron Ward*, in 191 6, recommended the selection 
given below. It was based upon the following requirements: 
autumn blooms indispensable; weak growers barred; also 
plants of huge growth, Hke La Tosca or Gruss an Tephtz, 
except for use in mass effects; flowers to be full, no thinner 
than Pharisaer; climbers not included. 



Constance 
Lyon Rose 



Pernetianas 



Mme. Edouard Herriot 
Willowmere 



Mme. Antoine Mari 
Mme. Jean Dupuy 
Marie Van Houtte 



Teas 



Paula 

Wm. R. Smith 



Hybrid Perpetual 



Frau Karl Druschki 



Bourbon 

Souv. de la Malmaison 



Augustine Guinoisseau 

Amateur Teyssier 

Chateau de CIos Vougeot 

Dean Hole 

Duchess of Wellington 

Earl of Warwick 

General-Superior Arnold Janssen 

General MacArthur 

George C. Waud 

Gruss an Teplitz 

Gustav Grunerwald 

Joseph Hill 

Konigin Carola 

Lady Alice Stanley 

Lady Ashtown 

Lady Greenall 

Laurent Carle 

Lieut. Chaure 

Mabel Drew 

Mme. Abel Chatenay 

Mme. Jules Bouche 



Hybrid Teas 

Mme. Jules Grolez 
Mme, Leon Pain 
Mme. Melanie Soupert 
Mme. Ravary 
Mme. Segond Weber 
Marquise de Sinety 
Mrs. Aaron Ward 
Mrs. Amy Hammond 
Mrs. A. R. Waddell 
Mrs. Charles Hunter 
Mrs. Edward Powell 
Mrs. George Shawyer 
Mrs. Harold Brocklebank 
Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt 
Pharisaer 
Prince de Bulgarie 
Radiance 

Souv. du Pres. Carnot 
St. Helena 
Viscountess Folkestone 



*AdmiraI Aaron Ward, a really great rosarian, died July 5, 191 8. The notable 
introductions of the past four yaars would displace only a few from the list of roses 
he most prized. 



82 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 




Rose-beds of one variety make a fine effect 



For Philadelphia and Vicinity 
Dr. Robert Huey, the eminent amateur whose success 
has been an inspiration to many others, and who is broadly 
recognized as an authority on garden roses, recommends 
the following varieties: 

Hybrid Teas 



Antoine Rivoire 

Betty 

Duchess of WeHington 

Ellen Willmott 

George C. Waud 

Joseph Hill 

Killarney 

Lady Alice Stanley 

Lady Ashtown 

Laurent Carle 

Los Angeles 

Lyon 

Mabel Drew 

Mme. Edouard Herriot 

Mme, Caroline Testout 

Mme. Hector Leuillot 



Mme. Jules Bouche 

Mme. Leon Pain 

Mme. Melanie Soupert 

Mme. Segond Weber 

Mrs. Aaron Ward 

Mrs. A. R. Waddell 

Mrs. Harold Brocklebank 

Mrs. MacKellar 

Ophelia 

Pharisaer 

Prince de Bulgarie 

Radiance 

Robert Huey 

Viscountess Folkestone 

Willowmere 



EXPERT OPINIONS 



83 



Roses for Philadelphia and Vicinity, continued 



Baroness Rothschild 
Captain Hayward 
Frau Karl Druschki 
George Arends 
Oskar Cordel 



Harry Kirk 
Hugo Roller 
Lady Hillingdon 
Maman Cochet 



Aviateur Bleriot 
Christine Wright 
Dorothy Perkins 
Dr. W. Van Fleet 
Elisa Robichon 



Hybrid Perpetuals 

Mrs. John Laing 
Mrs. George Dickson 
Susanne-Marie Rodocanachi 
Ulrich Brunner 

Tea Roses (Hardy) 

Safrano 

White Maman Cochet 

Wm. R. Smith 



Climbing and Pillar Roses 

Excelsa 

Gardenia 

Hiawatha 

Reine Marie Henriette 

Tausendschon 



For Washington, D. C, and Points South 
Dr. W. Van Fleet has for many, many years been a dis- 
tinguished student of the rose. American Pillar, May Queen, 
Ruby Queen, Mary Lovett, Bess Lovett, Alida Lovett, Silver 
Moon, and Dr. W. Van Fleet are a few of his hybridizing. Now 
associated with the Department of Agriculture, he is hybrid- 
izing them to fit the needs of the American people. From such 
an authority do we offer the following list for warm chmates : 



Pink 

Killarney, H.T. 
Mme. Abel Chatenay, H.T. 
Mme. Gabriel Luizet, H.P. 
Maman Cochet, T. 
Mrs. John Laing, H.P. 
My Maryland, H.T. 
Paul Neyron, H.P. 
Radiance, H.T. 
Wm. R. Smith, T. 

Yellow 

Etoile de Lyon, T. 
Lady Hillingdon, T. 
Sunburst, H.T. 



Red 

Cardinal, H.T. 
Etoile de France, H.T. 
General MacArthur, H.T 
Gruss an Teplitz, H.T. 
J. B. Clark, H.P. 
Red Radiance, H.T. 
Richmond, H.T. 
Ulrich Brunner, H.P. 

White 

Frau Karl Druschki, ILP. 
Gloire Lyonnaisc, H.P. 
Kaiserin Auguste Victoria, H.T. 
Killarney, White, H.T. 
White Maman Cochet, T. 



84 HOW TO GROW ROSES 

For Chicago and the North 

By W. C. EGAN 

Editor's Note. — People who live in the cold Northwest may 
think it useless to attempt growing roses, but, as Dr. Bailey says, 
"the success of the rose in this country is very largely a question of 
the selection of adaptable varieties." The Lake Forest section, on the 
west shore of Lake Michigan and north of Chicago, is typical of a 
large area to the north and west. In this section there is no one 
better able to speak from broad experience than W. C. Egan, the 
eminent horticulturist of Highland Park. In response to our request 
for a list of roses best suited to his cold country, he very generously 
sent us a contribution which, without further comment, we are 
most happy to present, to our readers. 

While the section bordering Lake Michigan from Chicago 
northward, called the North Shore district, is not a rosarian's 
paradise, we can have roses from early June until frost. 
This we can accomphsh with but little care, except in the 
case of the Hybrid Teas, which require proper attention. 
Given this, they flood us with a shower of bloom that makes 
them worthy of cultivation, even if we treat them as annuals, 
and plant fresh stock each year. ''Expensive!" you say. 
Well, yes, to a certain extent; but so are bedding-plants, and 
babies, and automobiles; but the results in all cases are 
worth the money. Some spend money lavishly for winter 
decorations that fade in the night. The same amount, spent 
for Hybrid Teas planted out early in the spring, gives one 
pleasure all summer. They are easily cared for, if the instruc- 
tions given in this work are carried out. For those who pos- 
sess small grounds and have but little time to attend to them 
we have that poor man's blessing, the Rosa rugosa, and its 
hybrids. This Japanese rose does not know how to "catch 
cold," and will stay longer with you and give far more pleas- 
ure than any poor relation. It blooms profusely in June and 
scatteringly all through summer, ripening its bright red, 
cherry-Uke berries during the late summer months. Its 
fohage is unusually fine and insect-proof. This feature alone 
should be highly appreciated, for the beauty of fohage is 
more than half the beauty of any plant. This rose was known 
to rosarians as early as 1845, but its beauty and hardiness 



EXPERT OPINIONS 85 

and its value in hybridizing were not appreciated until some 
forty years afterward, when Mr. Robert C. S. Carman, of 
New Jersey, and M. Georges Bruant of Poitiers, France, gave 
us the hybrids, Agnes Emily Carman, and Mme. Georges 
Bruant. While the former was produced first, thus giving 
the honor of producing the first Rugosa hybrid to an Ameri- 
can, it was delayed in its propagation, and the French rose 
was the first on the market. In all of Mr. Carman's experi- 
ments the Rugosa rose was the mother plant, and it is a 
singular fact that the Agnes Emily Carman rose, bearing 
flowers having the color and scent of the General Jacque- 
minot rose, should have Harison's Yellow as the male 
parent. The success of these hybridizers caused others to 
enter the field, and we now have a host of good forms, all 
hardy and reliable. Where these hybrids possess some Tea 
blood, unusually cold winters may kill them back somewhat. 
The handsome Rugosa hybrid, Conrad F. Meyer, is some- 
times "cut back" in winter. This type and its hybrids are 
splendidly adapted for forming entire hedges or large groups, 
and may be depended upon for flower and foliage. 

The well-known dwarf rose, Hermosa, and the writer made 
their first appearance before the public at about the same 
time, and the former has graced our gardens for seventy-five 
years. It is reliable and hardy with but little protection, and 
is one of the best bedders today. The same may be said of 
the Clothilde Soupert, one of the largest-flowered forms of 
the Polyantha class, introduced in 1884. In 1880, Veuve 
Ducher introduced the charming dwarf Polyantha, Mile. 
Cecile Brunner, the queen of the so-called Fairy rose class, 
hardy with slight protection, and admirable for corsage bou- 
quets. Its miniature buds, so delightfully tinted, are ad- 
mired by all, especially by the gentler sex. 

Who has not admired the Cherokee rose of the southern 
states, an escaped exotic, being the Chinese Rosa sinica, 
that has taken so kindly to the conditions ofi'ered as to 
thrive there on the waysides and fence corners? We of the 
North can have its counterpart, all except its evergreen 
foliage, in the extremely hardy Rosa spinosissima var. Altaicay 



86 HOW TO GROW ROSES 

from the Altai Mountains in Siberia. When in bloom, it is a 
charming sight in the purity of its single, pure white flowers. 
I cannot understand why this rose is scarce and hard to find, 
as in good soil it suckers rapidly and thus an increased stock 
is easily obtained. 

The old-fashioned Sweetbriar, with its heaven-born 
perfume, often winter-kills here, but I grow it in among some 
tail-growing barberries through whose branches the Briar 
thrusts its long canes. The barberry shades the Briar canes 
in winter and but httle loss occurs. 

I tried Lord Penzance hybrids and, much to my regret, 
could not carry them over winter, so the charming Lady 
Penzance was banished from "Egandale." 

The Persian Yellow and Harison's Yellow, as well as all 
the Mosses, are hardy here. 

All of the Baby Ramblers do well here, slightly protected, 
and are well fitted for borders of large rose-beds, ^^nnchen 
Miiller is splendid; as a cut-flower, each well-grown truss is a 
bouquet in itself; and, the flowers being loosely arranged, give 
an airy elegance to the decoration. The color is good in day- 
light or electric, — a desirable quahty in any flower. 

Hybrid Perpetuals and those grown as such require winter- 
protection. Some stand this covered-up condition better 
than others. Here is a fist I gave in Bailey's "Cyclopedia 
of American Horticulture" some years ago, and I would not 
change it now. Undoubtedly, there are many more that will 
do as well if tried, but there are enough listed to create a 
garden for anyone. 

The winter of 1 898-1 899 was the most severe in this sec- 
tion I ever experienced, and many trees and shrubs, con- 
sidered **iron-clad," were killed. The following is a list of 
roses which wintered here under protection and which came 
out in good condition: 

Captain Christy Louis Van Houtte 

Captain Hayward Magna Charta 

Garden Favorite Mrs. Paul 

General Jacqueminot Mrs. R. G. Sharman-Crawford 

John Hopper Paul Neyron 

La Rosiere Prince Camille de Rohan 



88 HOW TO GROW ROSE S 

The following eleven were in fair condition and recovered 
their form during the season: 

Alfred Colomb Mme. Gabriel Lulzet 

Anna de Diesbach Mme. Victor Verdier 

Baronne Provost Pierre Notting 

Countess of Oxford Prince of Wales 

Eugene Furst Ulrich Brunner 
Lyonnaise 

This section, together with many in the northern states, 
suffered for the want of a suitable number of chmbing roses 
that might be carried over the winter with an easily prepared 
protection, until the advent of the Crimson Rambler, which 
reached England from Japan in 1878. This was followed soon 
after by Rosa Wichuraiana and its hybrids. Up to this time 
we had to be content with Queen of the Prairie, Baltimore 
Belle, Russell's Cottage, and Multiflora rose Greville, or 
Seven Sisters. The first two were produced by Feast of 
Baltimore in 1 843 by hybridizing that most excellent hardy 
Prairie rose, R. setigera, with some of the garden forms of the 
day. I have often wondered why hybridizers had not used 
this hardy semi-chmbing rose more frequently in their work. 
About all the climbing roses, bearing a large percentage 
of Rugosa or Wichuraiana blood, are hardy with a sHght 
protection in winter. Which is the best is merely a matter 
of choice. 

The new, prostrate rose. Max Graf, may be used as a 
climber and is hardy without protection. Grown without 
support, it hes close to the surface, thus making a splendid 
ground-cover. In beds, well estabhshed, the new canes will 
rise up some 18. inches and then, arching over, rest their tips 
upon the ground. Planted at the top of a wall they hang 
over hke a veil. The bright green fohage indicates a mixture 
of the Rugosa and Wichuraiana blood and is attractive all 
summer and fall. Free from mildew or insect pests. In its 
blooming season, June and July, it is covered with a clear 
pink flower similar in color, size and substance to the pink 
Rugosa. 



EXPERT OPINIONS 



89 



Editor's Note. — Mr. Egan has also made careful test of the lead- 
ing Hybrid' Teas, both for their blooming qualities and also, for hardiness 
and suitability for his climate. He planted three plants each, did not 
disbud, and the second summer out, which was a hot and trying one, 
he cut as shown in this report: 

Av. blooms Av. blooms Av. blooms 

NAME OF VARIETY prior to after per plant for 

Aug. I Aug. I whole season 

1. Ecarlate . 43^ 75 Ii8>^ 

2. Killarney 27 25^ 52^ 

3. LaTosca. 26^ 18K 45 

4. Grossherzog Friedrich 19^ 25 44/^ 

5. Radiance 26 16 42 

6. Lady Ashtown (two plants) .... 17 I7/^ 34/^ 

7. Ophelia 16K 18K Z^Vi 

8. Majestic 18 15 33 

9. Mrs. A. R. Waddell 16 15^ 31^ 

ID. Mrs. Aaron Ward 14 ^lYi S'^H 

11. Lady Ursula 18K 12 30K 

12. Duchess of Wellington 8 22>^ 30>^ 

13. Florence Pemberton io>3 19^3 30 

14. Pharisaer I5>? 13 28^ 

15. Viscountess Folkestone 13 I3>3 ^6^^ 

16. Souv. de Gustave Prat ...... lo^ ^5 25 >^ 

17. Mme. Carohne Testout 14^ 10 24^ 

18. Lady Alice Stanley 133^ loK 23^ 

19. Mme. Leon Pain^ 9^3 14 23^^ 

20. Prince de Bulgarie 12 11 >^ 23 >^ 

21. Gustav Grunerwald 9 14 23 

22. General MacArthur 8^ ^3/4 22 

23. Lieutenant Chaure 10 2^ ii 21^ 

24. Willowmere 14^ 7 21^ 

25. Lady Pirrie 10 loM 20>^ 

26. Duchess of Westminster io>^ g}i ig}i 

27. Laurent Carle 8^ 10^ I9>? 

28. Mme. Ravary 8^ 9^ 18 

29. Farbenkonigin 10 7^ 17K 

30. Antoine Rivoire 12 4>^ i6>^ 

31. Dean Hole (first year) 4 12^ 16^ 

32. Mme. Jules Bouche 6^ 9^ i6>^ 

33. Earl of Warwick 7 8^3 15^ 

34. Mme. Melanie Soupert 9 5^ 14^ 

35. Mrs. Wakefield Christie-Miller ■ • 9 5 " I4 

36. Mrs. F. W. Vanderbilt 6 7^ 13^ 

37. Jonkheer J. L. Mock (buds come 

bull-headed) 4^ 8^ 13 

38. Mme. Jenny Gillemot 6}i 6j4, I2^i 

39. Chateau de CIos Vougeot (weak 

grower) 6 5^ ll^ 

40. Mme. Edmond Rostand 5^ 5^ 11 

41. Mrs. George Shawyer 4 6^ 10^ 

42. Louise C. Breslau 7 ^ 9^ 




In Elizabeth Park Rose-garden, Hartford, Connecticut 



ROSE PROGRESS 91^ 

The Increasing Regard for Roses 

In his book, "The Cultivated Man," Charles W. Ehot 
says: **A brook, a hedge-row, or a garden is an inexhaustible 
teacher of wonder, reverence, and love." 

Another one of ''America's noblemen," G. A. Parker*, 
with exquisite feeling, thus portrays the possible influence of 
the rose on the Hves of men, when, in telhng of the rose- 
garden at EHzabeth Park, he says: 

"I have come to think of beauty as the love-letter of the 
Creator, through which He is wooing us unto Himself; for 
beauty is spiritual, and not physical. 

"A love-letter is a message into which the sender puts a 
part of his very self, and the one who receives it, in some 
mysterious way, weaves it into a part of his very Hfe. It 
matters Httle what words are used or how the message is 
sent, providing it becomes a part of the sender and of the. 
receiver. Surely the Creator uses a most beautiful form when 
He avails Himself of the roses to convey His message." 

Among the real rose-lovers now scattered widely over our 
great country, it is difficult to conceive of a finer loyalty than 
already exists toward the flower of their choice. Such devo- 
tion as theirs is bearing fruit. Better roses in their gardens 
are arousing more abundant admiration on the part of neigh- 
bors. This results in more "recruits." Rose societies spring 
up here and there. The members help each other, and more 
and more each one comes to know the joy of growing one's 
own roses. This is just what has been going on in many sec- 
tions of our great country. The delights of rose-growing have 
been revealed to vastly increasing numbers of amateurs 
within the past few years. The "garden magazines" have 
helped. The "garden clubs" have been a prominent factor. 

There are, perhaps, half a dozen rose men lecturing! on this 
fascinating subject and forwarding the good work. All have 
helped, and the combined efforts of these various agencies 
are beginning to bloom into activities of great promise. 

♦"American Rose Annual," igi6, pages 71, 72. 
t A list of these will be furnished on request. 



92 HOW TO GROW ROSES 

The American Rose Society 

aims "To increase the general interest in the cultivation and 
improve the standard of excellence of the rose for all people." 

Whether you grow one rose or acres of them (whether 
you are an amateur or professional), you will find it dehght- 
fully profitable to belong to the American Rose Society. 
Already nearly 2,000 folks seem to have found it so, and are 
sending in the names of their friends from every part of our 
great country. 

The highest ambition of the American Rose Society is 
to serve its members. This it strives earnestly to do. 

It stimulates and fosters the holding of exhibitions in 
every available rose center, and heightens the interest by 
awarding — Gold, Silver, and Bronze Medals, or Certificates 
of Merit for prize exhibits. 

It holds annually one or more rose exhibitions, usually in 
connection with some large flower-show. 

Tickets for such shows are sent free to all members. 

Local societies are organized, in affihation with the parent 
body, with consequent advantages to associate members. 

A complete file of available roses and registry of new ones 
of merit is constantly maintained, preparatory to the pub- 
lication of an official catalogue in the near future. 

Important rose test-gardens are established at Hartford, 
Conn.; Washington, D.C; Ithaca, N. Y. ; Minneapohs, Minn.; 
and Portland, Ore. 

Results obtained in each separate chmatic zone are thus 
available for the enhghtenment of members. 

The American Rose Society also pubhshes the American 
Rose Annual. It is ably edited by J. Horace McFarland, of 
Harrisburg, Pa., and is available to members only. It con- 
tains, each year, a comprehensive record of rose progress in 
America, with original, helpful, up-to-date information. It is 
beautifully illustrated in color and sepia, and contains about 
180 pages.- Membership is annual, at $2, and fife, at $50. 

For further information or enrollment, address 

Editor, **How to Grow Roses," West Grove, Pa. 



AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY 93 



Fragrant Roses 

By Dr. W. Van Fleet 

"Agreeable fragrance is one of the most valued attributes of the 
perfect rose, though many indispensable species and varieties do 
not possess it in marked degree, and not a few are either odorless or 
even distasteful to the sense of smell. . . . 

"The wild roses of North Europe mostly have faint fragrance or 
are scentless and the same may be said of our Middle West and 
Pacific Coast species, though there are a few exceptions in the ex- 
treme Northwest. . . . 

"True rose-fragrance arises from the presence of rose-oil or attar, 
a volatile oil elaborated in the petals of the blooms just before 
opening. It appears most abundantly in the cells near the base 
of the petals, yet is present in such small quantities that it usually 
requires a ton and a half of fresh plucked rose petals to produce a 
pound of oil which resembles brownish butter. 

"Roses of the hardy, free-flowering Rugosa type from Japan, 
which grow well in America, typify rose-perfume in its most pleasing 
form. Some of the hybrid Rugosas are also very fragrant, while 
others, although fragrant, have not the intense fragrance of the 
single-flowered Rosa rugosa rubra (red) and R. rugosa alba (white). 

"Attar of roses is secured from the fresh petals of fragrant roses 
by the ordinary process of distillation and condensation used to 
recover all essential or volatile oils produced in nature It exists in 
such small quantity, however, even in the best perfume varieties, 
that it remains in solution in the water of condensation that comes 
over from the still and must be washed out or redistifled several 
times before it may be skimmed off", as with more abundant oils. 
These first waters, however, are most deliciously scented, and, in 
this country at least, would be more valuable as true commercial 
rose-waters than the attar itself when extracted from them. 

"There is one remaining entrancing rose-odor — the despair of 
perfumery chemists — that of the Sweetbrier foliage after a rain. It 
cannot be recovered by any known process and lives and dies with 
the occasion during which it is perceived. . . . 

"Rose aromas are not congenial to all persons, and occasionally 
an individual is found to whom they are annoying, and even hurt- 
ful, in the way of causing catarrhal symptoms; but to the over- 
whelming majority of gardeners, fragrance is a prime requisite for 
the thorough enjoyment of a rose bloom." 

EijItor's Note. — As a sample of the character of the 1919 "American 
Rose Annual," these extracts from pages 14-19 are pubhshed here by 
permission of the Editor, J. Horace McFarland, Harrisburg, Pa. 



ROSE PROGRESS 95 

Municipal Rose-Gardens 

Hartford, Connecticut, was the pioneer for America; and 
she builded well. Starting in 1904, in Elizabeth Park, there 
were laid out one and one-quarter acres. This the author 
visited first upon his return from a tour among the more 
prominent rose-gardens in England, Ireland, Holland, Ger- 
many, and France. While dehghted with the cultural suc- 
cess and magnificent show of varieties, there seemed in the 
ensemble much to be desired in the matter of treatment and 
arrangement. This will probably be true of most of the test- 
gardens referred to in the above section, because beauty of 
landscape effect is not the first thing sought for in a rose- 
garden made primarily for test purposes, although the more 
there is of grace and beauty, of charm and enchantment, by 
reason of the arrangement, of course, the better it is. 

But Hartford led the way, and nobly continues to render 
this nation, at least the northeastern part of it, a great ser- 
vice. She showed that even a little pubhc rose-garden, well 
done, begets enthusiastic pubhc appreciation. Mr. G. A. 
Parker, Superintendent of Parks, of Hartford, reports 
116,000 people having visited this rose-garden in one year. 
There are in it three hundred different varieties of roses and 
about fifteen hundred separate plants, and the cost, both for 
construction and maintenance, in eleven years has been 
$0.0173 per visitor. But as for its influence upon, and value 
to, the people who have come to see it, no money estimates 
can be made. If any reader feels incHned to doubt this last 
statement, permit us to suggest that he submit his feehngs 
to the test of a visit. 

There are many American cities which have roses in their 
parks, and these cities are extending their plantings; but as 
yet only a hmited number have definitely set apart, and 
regularly arranged for, a real rose-garden. 

If any of our readers have the opportunity to visit Port- 
land, Oregon, certainly one of the sights of that city of won- 
derful promise is the municipal rose-garden. It is larger, per- 
haps, than that of Hartford, — a sunken garden with rose- 



96 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 




Municipal Rose-garden, Cleveland, Ohio. One year old 

covered terraces; a fountaiPx-centered system of walks and a 
large amount of growth; and, as nearly every rose-lover 
knows, a gratifyingly long season of bloom. It is, we believe, 
true of Portland, as of no other city, that the commercial 
men have long reahzed the value of the rose and its exploita- 
tion as an indirect, though very definite means of spreading, 
world-wide, the fame of that rose-favored corner of the 
earth. This is a reason why there is enthusiasm in Portland 
back of the conception to estabhsh in another part of the city 
another municipal rose-garden that shall outclass any other 
in America. And why should Portland not do so? The author 
would enjoy telling his readers much more about the mag- 
nificent hedges of roses in Portland; of the great annual rose- 
festivals, with electrical displays; of many different parades; 
of automobiles; of the Royal Rosarians and their Queen of the 
Roses with her attendants, — all doing homage to the rose. 

In 1 91 5, at Cleveland, Ohio, for the first time there 
appeared on display a most creditable municipal rose-gar- 
den, its success being due in large measure, doubtless, to the 
able hand of their superintendent of parks. No climbing 



ROSE PROGRESS 



97 



roses surrounded it when the author enjoyed its rich June 
bloom, but the varieties had been well chosen for that 
locality, and arranged in good taste. All were bush roses 
and were grouped in beds, with an arrangement of walks 
making the annually recurring display easily accessible to 
large numbers of people. Time and growth, with the good 
care it is sure to get, will furnish the softening and enriching 
effect that only age can supply. It is a splendid beginning, 
and such as one would expect of Cleveland. 

And so, in sequence, might be mentioned a few other 
cities whose activities along this line have come to the 
attention of the author. 

Syracuse, N. Y., has now the beginning of a most credit- 
able municipal rose-garden, the result of a demand made by 
the citizens, promoted by an energetic rose society and its 
indefatigable president, Rev. E. M. Mills, D.D. Long 
life to him ! 

Now, too, we are happy to report the establishment of a 
real rose-garden in the Bronx Park system of New York City. 
The New York Horti- 
cultural Society and affili- 
ated organizations have 
carried out creditably a 
rose-planting that prom- 
ises to rejoice the hearts 
of countless thousands of 
people. Let us all hope 
that it may prove easily 
accessible to those who 
most need the inspiration 
and pleasure which such 
a garden is so well calcu- 
lated to furnish. 

And now for the 
Brooklyn Rose-Garden, 
the plans are well under 
way, and excellent prog- ,,. . , ^ „ w • • , 

. , . , View in the Bagatelle Municipal 

ress IS being made. Rose-Garden. Paris 




98 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 




Roses, roses everywhere 

A Famous Rose-Garden 

The most beautiful rose-garden I have yet found in either 
America or Europe was near Paris. Accompanied by Mrs. 
Pyle, I arrived at the Roseraie de L'Hay early one day, and 
we lingered there till sunset, enchanted. A 
permanent rose-garden with thousands 
of varieties, it includes roses said to 
have originated in the sixth 
century B.C. Roses from 
every continent are arranged 
and trained in all imaginable 
styles, from borders of Baby 
Ramblers to giant Tree 
roses, 15 feet high and 
10 feet spread. Tunnels 
completely covered with 
climbmg roses form 
outlooks through the gar- 
den, with here a bit of 
statuary, there a fountain 
flashing in the sunshine, 

^ with roses, roses every- 

Note this giant Tree rose where, from the broad- 




ROSERAIE DE L'HAY 



99 




And here we lingered till sunset 



petaled, deep red Lion climber to the splendid M. Graver- 
eaux, named in honor of the owner of this magnificent 
garden. We strolled down the long, box-bordered pathways, 
with famihar faces among the roses looking up at us from beds 
at our feet, and chmbers looking straight at us, 
and half-beckoning from either side, as we 
passed, until, spellbound, we stood and 
gazed down the long vista of color- 
covered beds, back-bordered with 
still other cHmbers in bloom. 
And this is only one picture 
out of hundreds of such! 
What a love for the rose 
must have helped to 
fashion the quiet arbors 
and festooned balustrades, 
the archway entrances, 
artistic screens, and dis- 
appearing pathways, so 
well planned that every 



turn brought 
prise, each 
entrancing 
other ! 



a fresh sur- 
one more 
than the 




Temple of Love 



roo HOW TO GROW ROSES 

Finally, so well hidden by an encircling temple of trees 
that we nearly missed it, was an open-air theater with turf 
seats, and along the front of the stage, for foothghts, was a 
brilhant row of blooming roses. There, amid this paradise, in 
charming French fashion, our host entertained his guests 
with a musical recital. From this garden came the inspira- 
tion for starting the Municipal Rose-Garden of Paris in the 
Bagatelle. Now that Mons. Jules Gravereaux is gone, we 
reahze what a happy memorial it is that his native city 
should maintain for all time, we hope, this great rose-garden, 
which he started for the pleasure of his fellow citizens. 

[From notes and photographs taken by Robert Pyle, president of 
The Conard & Jones Co., West Grove, Pa., on the occasion when he 
represented the American Rose Society and acted as a judge at the In- 
ternational Contest of Garden Roses at Bagatelle, Paris, June, 191 1.] 

The Red Rose Church at Manheim 

We know of no more unique ceremony in America than 
Manheim's "Feast of Roses." In 1750, Baron Heinrich Wil- 
helm Stiegel, coming from Germany, settled in Lancaster 
County, Pennsylvania, and founded the little town of Man- 
heim. He prospered in business and later deeded to the 
Lutheran congregation (which he organized in 1769) a plot 
of ground for the erection of a house of worship with the 
following stipulation: ''yielding and payirig therefor at the 
said town of Manheim, in the month of June, yearly forever 
after, the rent of ONE RED ROSE, if the same shall be law- 
fully demanded.^' 

And now each year, with appropriate exercises, the con- 
gregation of the Manheim Lutheran Church pays to the heirs 
of Baron Stiegel the unique ground-rent of "one red rose," 
and each year recalls the memory of a man who, though 
"dying in poverty, had yet left the noblest of all memorials, the 
love, reverence, and gratitude of a community w^hose industry 
he had stimulated, whose ideals he had fostered, for whose 
spiritual welfare he had made permanent provision." (Pub- 
lished with the permission of the pastor. Rev. A. E. Cooper.) 



ROSE*TRINKETS 



lOI 



Rose-Beads 

For the following formula the author is indebted to a 
good friend of his from New York State, whose experience in 
making rose-beads is far more extensive than his own. 

"Gather the petals of roses — even newly fallen ones will 
do — till you have, say, half a peck. Grind these through 
a meat-chopper till they become pulp. In order to have the 
beads jet-black when finished, place this pulp in an iron pan, 
or, lacking that, mix in a teaspoonful of ground copperas (ferri 
sulphas), and stir thoroughly; the mixture will soon become 
brown. Set it now in the sun or a warm oven till it gets black. 
After this, put all through the meat-chopper again till it 
becomes hke putty, and then form the beads. They can be 
made any shape you hke, — round, square, hexagonal, etc., — 
but form them twice the size you wish to have them when 
finished. Rolhng them into little balls with the hand will 
make smooth beads. If you wish them figured, the butt- 
end of a steel writing-pen is a convenient tool, to be used, of 
course, when the beads are still soft. When properly formed, 
transfix them to a board with a pin, then keep them hot and 
dry, and in two or three days they will become small and 
hard, and may be strung through the hole left when the pin 
is removed." 

A European authority gives us a shghtly diff"erent formula, 
and recommends using a mortar instead of the more prosaic 
and modern meat-chopper. 

"Freshly gathered rose-petals are beaten into a pulp and 
then dried, but before becoming completely dry, rose-water is 
added and they are again beaten and dried, the operation 
being repeated till the pulp has become very smooth. Then 
the desired shape is given and they are perforated in order to 
thread them, and so a kind of bead is formed, which is dried. 
When they have become very hard, they are smoothed and 
poHshed, after which they are rubbed with oil-of-roses in 
order to give them more perfume and gloss. If a brass mortar 
be used, the pulp takes a deep black color, through the action 
on the metal of the gallic acid contained in the roses. On 



102 HOW TO GROW ROSES 

the other hand, if a marble mortar be used, blue and red and 
other colored beads can be manufactured according to the 
coloring materials employed. The black beads are most 
highly prized. They have been manufactured principally at 
Adrianople, Smyrna, and Constantinople." 

Attar of Roses 

The reader will notice on another page a short account of 
a visit made to that most beautiful rose-garden south of Paris, 
the Roseraie de L'Hay. Many chapters might be written 
of this httle paradise about which clusters so much of inter- 
est to a rose-lover. But there is in that wonderful garden a 
quaint thatched * 'summer-house,'* as we in America might 
call it,, rose-embowered. On the occasion of the author's 
visit, there was at work in the little cottage a v/hite-aproned 
chemist with large-sized retort, test-tubes, spirit-lamps, and 
other appHances. The rose-petals which had been gathered 
in the garden were being reduced to essence or attar of roses. 
M. Gravereaux has improved the method of extracting the 
oils, and, furthermore, has proved by extensive experiments 
that certain perpetual-flowering roses, like Mme. Carohne 
Testout, and others, are capable of producing a much larger 
amount of the essence than the Damask and Centifoha roses 
heretofore largely used. 

The method employed by M. Gravereaux is superior to 
that of the Bulgarians, Persians, and Algerians, whose 
apparatus is most primitive, as the following will indicate: 
The rose-petals must be distilled as they are picked, other- 
wise much of their odor will be lost. They are brought right 
to the stills, which are made of copper, and there mixed with 
only water, the quahty of which is said considerably to in- 
fluence the essence distilled. After having twice boiled down 
the mixture to one-eighth or one-tenth its original volume, it 
is allowed to cool, and is set in open bowls at a constant 
temperature. Gradually the essence rises and swims on the 
surface in yellowish patches, which are skimmed off with a 
mother-of-pearl spoon. This operation, usually falhng upon 




BRIDESMAID is most appropriately named, suggestive of 
what is best among the prettiest pink Tea Roses 



104 HOW TO GROW ROSES 

the eldest member of the family, is carried out with a 
solemnity befitting its importance. What this must mean to 
the peasants is better understood when we reahze how 
feather-hght rose-petals are, and that 150 pounds (2,400 
ounces) of them ordinarily yield less than one ounce of the 
essence of the rose. 

It is not to be marveled at, therefore, that it is expensive, 
not alone for the above reason, but also because of its impor- 
tance in the fabrication of the finest perfumes. It has, fur- 
thermore, the valuable quahty of increasing and fixing other 
perfumes, just as the rose itself has the quahty of develop- 
ing in those who work with it quahties of fine moral 
character. 

Hybridizing 

This book attempts in no way to cover the subject of 
hybridizing, save to refer to some sources of information re- 
garding a work that calls for long-sustained attention, and 
almost hmitless patience, with no assurance as to resuhs. 
Amateurs, as well as professional rose-growers, have made 
valuable contributions to our hsts of roses, and certainly the 
future must off"er more adequate recompense to the success- 
ful breeder of roses than has been the case in the past. 

Rev. Joseph H. Pemberton*, for the beginner, gives 
directions that appear to be easily foHowed by one who has 
the time and facihties to undertake the work. 

Every hybridizer will be interested also in the articles by 
Dr. White and Dr. Van Fleet in "The American Rose Annual'* 
for 1 91 6; also in the "Stammbuch der Edelrosen," by Dr. 
G. Kruger. The edition of this work, pubhshed in 1906, at 
Trier, Germany, contains a most complete hsting of the 
hybridized roses in commerce, including parentage, hybri- 
dizer, and date of issue. For example, under Mme. Carofine 
Testout, are given fifty-eight immediate descendants, show- 
ing also the name of the other parent in ah except nine cases. 
It would seem to be an invaluable work for anyone who 
wishes to undertake hybridizing. 

*"Roses," page 229 (see Bibliography). 



FOR WINTER EVENINGS 105 

Bibliography 

Beginning with *'The Rose Manual," by Robert Buist, in 
1884, there have been issued in America at least eighteen 
different works, the most noteworthy of which we hst below : 
The Rose. By H. B. Ellwanger. 1882. 293 pp. Dodd, Mead & Co., 

New York. This was long the standard rose book. 
A Book about Roses. By S. Reynolds Hole. 1883. 326 pp. Wm. S. 

Gottsberger, New York. An American reprint of a standard English 

work. Highly entertaining work on roses, and most inspiring. 
Roses and How to Grow Them. Collected magazine articles. 19 10. 

199 pp. Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N. Y. 
Commercial Rose-Culture. By Eber Holmes. 191 1. 165 pp. A. T. 

de la Mare Printing and Publishing Company, New York. 
EvERBLOOMiNG RosEs FOR THE OuTDOOR Garden. By Georgia T. 

Drennan. 191 2. 262 pp. DufField & Co., New York. 
The Practical Book of Outdoor Rose-Growing. By George C. 

Thomas, Jr. 1914. 156 pp. and 96 plates in color, etc. J. B. Lippin- 

cott Company. 
The American Rose Annual. 1916,1917,1918,1919,1920. Published 

by the J. Horace McFarland Cornpany, Harrisburg, Pa., for The 

American Rose Society. Contributions upon roses, rose-growing and 

rose-gardens. Recounts the year's activities. Free to members only. 

The following are all edited from the Enghsh standpoint : 

Roses: Their History, Development, and Cultivation. By Rev. 
Joseph H. Pemberton, Vice-President of the National Rose Society. 
1908. 336 pp. Longmans, Green & Co., London and New York. 

Roses and Rose-Growing. By Rose G. Kingsley. 1908. 163 pp., 28 
full-page color-plates. The Macmillan Company, New York and 
London. With special attention to the best roses in each of the 
various classes, regarded from the English viewpoint. 

Roses for English Gardens. By Gertrude Jekyll and Edward 
Mawley. 1902. 164 pp. George Newnes, Ltd., London. Although 
relating to English gardens, it is, nevertheless, most entertaining, anid 
by its thoroughness helps to clear up many questions left unan- 
swered by other authorities. 

Rose-Growing Made Easy. By E. T. Cook. 200 pp. Another English 
publication, suggestive and helpful, and written apparently by one 
with long years of first-hand experience." 

The Rose Book. A complete guide for amateur rose-growers by H. H. 
Thomas. 1913. 283 pp. Profusely illustrated. Treats well the various 
uses to which roses may be put. 

The Book ofthe Rose. By Rev. A. Foster-Melliar, M.A. 352 pages, 33 
illustrations. Macmillan & Co. 1902. A comprehensive and inspiring 
authority covering well the entire subject, for the use of the amateur. 

For a hst of rose-books in all languages the * 'Cyclopedia 
of American Horticulture" refers us to the "Bibhografia de 
la Rosa," Vergara, Madrid, 1892. 



io6 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 



Synonymous Roses 
Some roses have acquired new names that seem to be an 
improvement; for example, Dutch Beauty in place of 
Veluwezoom. Another case is Mme. Norbert Levavasseur; 
when once planted and thoroughly domesticated, she 
answers to the name of Red Baby Rambler. But, if you 
wish to order Red Baby Rambler, remember there are nearly 
half a dozen roses so called; so, if you want to be certain, 
refer to the following list for guidance. Renaming a rose 
with intent to deceive has come to be regarded by rosarians 
as a crime. When a second name is adopted for the sake of 
euphony, the original name should be carried in parentheses. 



Anna de Diesbach . . . . 


. . H.P. . 


. Gloire de Paris 


Baby Dorothy, Pink . . . 


..P. 


. Maman Levavasseur 


Baby Rambler, Pink . . . 


. . P. . . 


. Maman Levavasseur 


Baby Rambler, Red . . . 


. . P. . . . 


.^Mme. Norbert Levavasseur 


Baby Rambler, White . . 


. . P. . . 


. Katharina Zeimet 


Baby Rambler, Yellow . . 


. . P. . . 


. Etoile de Mai 


Baby Tausendschon . . . 


. . P. . . 


. Louise Walter 


Baby Tausendschon . . . 


. . P. . . 


. Echo 


Ball of Snow 


. . H.P. . 


. Perle des Blanches 


Dorothy Dennison. . . . 


. . W. . . 


. Lady Godiva 


Dorothy Perkins .... 


. . H.W. 


. Lady Gay 


Dorothy Perkins, Red 


. . H.W. 


. Excelsa 


Dutch Beauty 


. . H.T. . 


. Veluwezoom 


Green Rose 


. . C. . . 


. Viridiflora 


Killarney, Striped . . . 


. . H.T. . 


. Spectacular 


Killarney, Orange . . . 


. . H.T. . 


. Duchess of Wellington 


La France, Red .... 


. . H.T. . 


. Duchess of Albany 


La France, Striped . . . 


. . H.T. . 


. Mme. Angel Vayssett 


La France, White . . . 


. . H.T. . 


. Mile. Aug. Guinoisseau 


La Reine des Neige . . 


. . H.P. . 


. Frau Karl Druschki 


Magnolia Rose .... 


. . T. . . 


. Devoniensis 


Maman Cochet, Yellow . 


. . H.T. . 


. Mmel Derepas-Matrat 


Maman Levavasseur . . 


. . P. . . 


. Baby Dorothy 


Mignon 


. . P. . . 


. Mile. Cecile Brunner 


Mrs. W. H. Cutbush . . 


. . P. . . 


. Mrs. Taft 


Mrs. W. J. Grant . . . 


. H.T. . 


. Belle Siebrecht 


Prima Donna 


. H.T, . 


. Mme. P. Euler 


Prince Camille de Rohan 


. . H.P. . 


. . La Roseire 


Queen, Th^ 


. . T. . . 


. . Souv. de S. A. Prince 


Rambler, Golden . . . 


. . N. . . 


. . Alister Stella Gray 


Rambler, Pink .... 


. . Mult. 


. . Euphrosine 


Rambler, White .... 


. . Mult. . 


. . Thalia 


Rambler, Yellow .... 


. . Mult. . 


. . Aglaia 


Sweetheart 


. . P. . . 


. . Mile. Cecile Brunner 


Thousand Beauties . . . 


. . Mult. . 


. . Tausendschon 


Virginia R. Coxe .... 


. . . H.T. . 


. . Gruss an Teplitz 


White American Beauty 


. . H.P. . 


. . Frau Karl Druschki 


Wm. R. Smith 


. . T. 


. . Charles Dingee 


Wm. R. Smith 


. . . T. 


. . Jeannette Heller 



N.B. — See also common names to rose species, foot of page 107, 



THE FAMILY ROSA ^ 

Analysis of Species 

It is doubtful if anyone will have come thus far in this 
httle book, who is not, w4th the author, a real seeker after 
truth. Just as the story of man becomes doubly interesting 
as we trace back his development from the earher types of 
man, so with the rose. A present-day Radiance or Rayon 
d'Or is a vastly more fascinating object of attention when 
one can go to another corner of the garden and point out to 
visitors the true progenitor of that race. Hybridizing deserves 
a complete chapter of its own. Right here let us study what 
has been done by the guiding hand of man. Family charts are 
a useful aid in pointing out relationships. A diagram may be 
more illuminating than many pages of description. There- 
fore, as an introduction to the various best-known classes, 
pause a moment to survey* this analysis of species on the 
two following pages. This the author conceives to be a most 
helpful outhne of the many, many famihes that make up 
this interesting race of flowers. 

In this book there has not been room to describe the rose 
species. We would, however, call special attention to cer- 
tain "types" which we have starred in the following hst. 
Their place is not in a bed with the Teas or Hybrid Teas. 
Consider for example, Hugonis — that recent acquisition from 
China. In three seasons it will be 4 to 5 feet high and 
in bloom two weeks earher than the early-blooming Harison's 
Yellow. And so with others: they are unique, hardy, 
vigorous. They need only to be fittingly placed to give to 
the garden a charm and distinction quite above the ordinary. 

*The following two pages are published here with permission and by 
courtesy of Longmans, Green & Co., New York., from their book, "Roses: 
Their History, Development, and Cultivation," by Rev. J. H. Pemberton 
(see page 105). 

The reader will note how far removed from the original species are both 
the Tea and Hybrid Tea families, whereas, from many species there has 
been almost no development at all. 

Equivalents of our common names to some of those on next pages: 

Champney .... Noisettiana Moss Muscosa 

Cherokee Laevigata Musk Moschata 

Dog ....... Canina Prairie Setigera 

Eglantine Rubiginosa Scotch Spinosissima 

Memorial Wichuraiana Sweetbriar .... Rubiginosa 



Hybrid Tea 



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HOW TO GROW ROSES 



Roses Arranged in Classes 

In order that the various classes may be studied better 
as to their characteristics, we hereunder group the more 
important varieties. French, German, and Enghsh authori- 
ties differ somewhat in placing a few kinds. Regarding the 
following hsts, however, they are in substantial agreement. 
In case of differences we have rehed upon the country of 
origin as our authority, e.g., Harison's Yellow. 

Alba 

*Mme. Plantier 

Austrian Briar, or Lutea 



Austrian Copper 
Austrian Yellow 



*Harison's Yellow 
*Persian Yellow 



Hybrid Austrian Briar, or Pernetiana 

Beaute de Lyon Louise Catherine Muriel Dickson 



Constance 
*JuIiet 



Breslau 
''Mme. Edouard Herriot 



''Rayon d'Or 
*SoIeiI d'Or 



Appoline 

*Beauty of Rosemawr 
Burbank 



Bengal 

Archduke Charles LucuKus 

Douglas Maddalena Scalarandis 

Bourbon 

*Champion of the World 
Mme. Eugene Marlitt 



Santa Rosa 

Souv. de la Malmaison 



Agrippina 

''Birdie Blye (Heart 
of France) 



China 

*Herniosa 
Pink Daily 



Damask 



Mrs. O. G. Orpen 



*Queens Scarlet 
Viridifloraf 



''York and 'Lancaster 



Alfred Colomb 

Alphonse Soupert 
'^American Beauty 
*Anna de Diesbachf 

Antoine Wintzer 

Ards Rover 

Ball of Snow 

Barbarossa 

Baroness Rothschild 



Hybrid Perpetual 

Baron de Bonstetten 
Belle d'Orleans 
Candeur Lyonnaise 
Captain Christy 
Captain Hayward 
Charles Wagner 
Cheshunt Hybrid 
*CIio 
Commander Jules 
Gravereaux 



Coquette des Alpes 

Coquette des Blanches 

Eugene Furst 

Francois Levet 
*Frau Karl Druschkif 
*General Jacqueminot 

George Arends 

Giant of Battles 

*Gloire de Chedane 

Guinoisseau 



REFERENCE MARKS EXPLAINED 
The asterisk (*) indicates leading varieties described on pages 43 to 62. 
The dagger (f) indicates roses with two names and refers to list of syn- 
onymous roses. 



ROSES ARRANGED IN CLASSES m 



Hybrid Perpetual Roses, contijtued 



Gloire de Margottin 
*GIoire Lyonnaise 

Glory of Paris 

Heinrich Munch 
*Hugh Dickson 
*J. B. Clark 

John Hopper 

John Keynes 

Jubilee 

Lady Helen Stewart 

La Reine 



Admiral Schley 

Admiral Ward 
*Antoine Rivoire 
*Arthur R. Goodwin 

Augustus Hartmann 

Autumn Tints 

Avoca 

Bessie Brown 
*Be«y 

Brilliant 

British Queen 

Camoens 

Cardinal 

Carine 
*Chateau de CIos 
Vougeot 

Cherry Page 

Cherry Ripe 

Chrissie MacKellar 

Cissie Easlea 

Cleveland 

Colleen 

Col. R. S. Williamson 

Columbia 

Comtesse Icy Hardegg 

Countess Clanwilliam 

Countess of Derby 

Countess of Gosford 

Countess of Shaftes- 
bury 

Dean Hole 

Defiance 

Dorothy Page-Roberts 

Dr. J. Campbell Hall 

Dr. O'Donel Browne 

Duchess of Albanyt 

Duchess of Sutherland 
*Duchess of Wel- 
lingtont 

Duchess of 
Westminster 

Earl of Warwick 

Ecarlate 

Edgar M. Burnett 

Edith Part 



Mme. Charles Wood 
Mme. Masson 
Mile. Louise Crette 

*Magna Charta 
Marchioness of Lome 
Margaret Dickson 
Marshall P. Wilder 

*Mrs. John Laing 
Mrs. R. G. Sharman- 
Crawford 



Hybrid Tea 

Edward Mawley 

Elizabeth Barnes 

Ethel Malcolm 
*EtoiIe de France 

Eugene BouIIet 

Farbenkonigin 

Florence E. Coulth- 
waite 

Florence Forrester 
*FIorence Pemberton 
*Francis Scott Key 

F. R. Patzer 
Frau Lilla 

Rautenstrauch 
Gainsborough 

G. Amedee Hammond 
*GeneraI MacArthur 
*GeneraI-Superior 

Arnold Janssen 

George C. Waud 
*George Dickson 

Gorgeous 

Grace Molyneux 

Grange Colombe 

Grossherzog Friedrich 
*Gruss an Teplitzf 

Gustav Grunerwald 
*HadIey 

Hector MacKenzie 

Helen Gould 

H. E. Richardson 
*Hoosier Beauty 

H. V. Machin 

Ideal 

lona Herdman 

Irish Beauty 

Irish Elegance 
*Irish Fireflame 

James Coey 

Janet 

*Jonkheer J. L. Mock 
*Joseph Hill 

Josephine 
*Kaiserin Auguste 
Victoria 



Oakmont 

Pauia Clegg 
*PauI Neyron 
*Prince Camille de 
Rohanf 

Rembrandt 
*Roger Lambelin 

Tom Wood 
*UIrich Brunner 

Vick's Caprice 

Victor Verdier 



*KiIIarney 
*KiIIarney Brilliant 
*KiIIarney, White 

Killarney Queen 

King George V. 

Konigin Carola 
*Lady Alice Stanley 
*Lady Ashtown 

Lady Greenall 
*Lady Mary Ward 

Lady Moyra Beauclerc 
*Lady Pirrie 

Lady Ursula 
*La Francef 
*La Tosca 
*Laurent Carle 

Leslie Holland 

Liberty 

Lieutenant Chaure 
*Los Angeles 

Louise Lilia 

Lyon Rose 

Mme. Abel Chatenay 

Mme. Bernier d'Arnex 
*Mme. Caroline Testout 
*Mme. Charles Lutaud 

Mme. Colette Martinet 
(Mme. Derepas- 
Matrat) 
*Mme. Edmond 
Rostand 

Mme. Eugenie BouIIet 

Mme. Felix Faure 

Mme. Jenny Gillcmot 
*Mme. Jules Bouclie 
*Mme. Jules Grolez 

Mme. J. W. Budde 
*Mme. Leon Pain 

Mme. Maurice de Luze 
*Mme. Melanie Soupert 

Mme. P. Euler 

Mme. Phillipe Rivoire 
*Mme. Ravary 

Mme. Schwaller 
*Mme. Segond Weber 




ROSA HUGONIS comes from Northern China and is perfectly 
hardy. Mr. E. H. Wilson, of the Arnold Arboretum, says of it: "It is an 
upright-growing Shrub with slender and spreading branches on which 
the fragrant flowers are borne in yard-long sprays of soft yellow. As I 
write in mid-November, the foliage is still on the Shrub and has assumed 
a dark purple tint." It blooms here two weeks ahead of any other rose — 
not a climber but a large bush rose which may be trained as here shown. 



ROSES ARRANGED IN CLASSES 113 



Hybrid Tea Roses, continued 



Mile. Aug. Guinoisseau 
Mile. Helena Cambier 
Mile. Marie Mascuraud 
Mabel Drew 
Magnafrano 
Majestic . 
Mama Looymans 
Marcella 
Margaret Dickson 

Hamill 
Mark Twain 
Marquise de Querhoent 

*Marquise de Sinety 

*Mary, Countess of II- 

chester 
Max HesdorfFer 
May Miller 
Meteor 
Mevrouw Dora Van 

Tets 
Milady 
Miss Cynthia Forde 

*Mrs. Aaron Ward 
Mrs. A. E. Coxhead 
Mrs. Ambrose Riccardo 
Mrs. Amy Hammond 
Mrs. Andrew Carnegie 
Mrs. Archie Gray 

*Mrs. A. R. Waddell 
Mrs. Bertram J. 

Walker 
Mrs. Chas. E. Pearson 
Mrs. Chas. Hunter 
Mrs. Chas. Russell 
Mrs. Conway Jones 
Mrs. Cornwallis West 
Mrs. David Jardine 
Mrs. David McKee 
Mrs. Edward Powell 



Mrs. Forde 

Mrs. F. W. Vander- 
bilt 

Mrs. George Gordon 

Mrs. George Norwood 

Mrs. George Shawyer 

Mrs. Harold Brockle- 
bank 

Mrs. Harvey Thomas 

Mrs. Hugh Dickson 

Mrs. J. H. Welch 

Mrs. MacKellar 

Mrs. Maynard Sinton 

Mrs. Moorefield Storey 

Mrs. R. D. McCIure 

Mrs. Richard Draper 

Mrs. Robert Garrett 

Mrs. Sam Ross 

Mrs. T. Hillas 

Mrs. Theo. Roosevelt 
*Mrs. Wakefield Chris- 
tie-Miller 

Mrs. Wemyss Quin 
*My Maryland 

Natalie Bottner 

Neervelt 

Nerissa 

Old-Gold 

Olivia 
*0phelia 

Panama 

Peerless 

Pernet's Triumph 
*Pharisaer 

Pilgrim 

President Vignet 

Premier 

Prima Donnaf 



Prince Engelbert 
Charles d'Arenberg 

Prince de Bulgarie 

Princess Bonnie 

Queen Beatrice 

Queen Mary 
*Radiance 

Red Columbia 

Red- Letter Day 
*Red Radiance 

Reine Carola de Saxe 

Reine Marguerite, 
d' Italic 

Rene Robbins 

Renee Wilmart Urban 

Rhea Reid 

Richmond . 

Seabird 

Souv. de E. Guillard 
*Souv. de Gustave Prat 
*Souv. du Pres. Carnot 

Souv. of Wootton 

Spectacularf 
*Sunburst 

Taft Rose 

Veluwezoomf 

Viscountess Enfield 

Viscountess Folkestone 

Virginia R. Coxef 

Walter Speed 

Waltham's Scarlet 

W. E. Lippiatt 

Wellesley 

West Grove 
*White Killarney 

William Cooper 
*WiIIiaxn Shean 
*WiIIowmere 

Winnie Davis 



There are in this list other promising varieties not yet sufficiently tested 
to recommend. 



Blanche Moreau 
Blanche Roberts 
Caroline Marneis 
Comtesse de Murinais 



^nnchen Miiller 
*Baby Dorothyf 
*Baby Ramblerf 

Betsy Van Nes 

Clotilde Soupert 

Echo 
*EIIen Poulsen 
*Erna TeschendorfF 



Moss 

*Crested Moss 
Crimson Globe 
Eugene de Savoi 
Glory of Mosses 

Polyantha 

Etoile de Mai 

F. J. Grootendorst 
*George Elger 

Goldfinch 
*Gruss an Aachen 
*Katharina Zeimet 

Leonie Lamesch 
*Louise Walterf 



"Henri Martin 
Mousseline 
Princess Adelaide 
Salet 



*Mme. Norbert Leva- 

vasseurf 
*MIIe. Cecile Brunner 
*Maman Levavasseurj 
*Marie Pavie 

Mignonf 

Mignonette 

Mfniature 



114 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 



Mosella, T.P. 
Mrs. W. H. Cutbusht 
Mme. Jules Gouchault 
Mrs. Taftt 



Polyantba Roses, continued 



''Orleans 
Perle d'Or 
Sweetheartf 

*Tip-Top 



Triomphe Orleanais 
White Soupert 
Yellow Soupert 
Yvonne Rabier 



*Agnes Emily Carman 
Alice Aldrich 
Amelia Gravereaux 
Beaute Poitevine 
*BIanc Double de 

Coubert 
Chas. F. Worth 
*Conrad Ferdinand 
Meyer 



Rugosa and Hybrids 

Hansa 

Mme. Chas. Frederick 

Worth 
Max Graf 
*New Century 
Nova Zembia 
Regina Badet 
Repens alba 
Roseraie de I'Hay 



Ada Carmody 
*AIexander Hill Gray 

Alliance Franco-Russe 

Anna Oliver 

Aurora 

Beaute Inconstante 

Betty Berkeley 

Blumenschmidt 

Bon Silene 

Bride 
*Bridesmaid 

Canadian Belle 

Catherine Mermet 

Comtesse Riza duParc 

Comtesse SophyTorby 

Coquette de Lyon 

Corallina 

Corinna 

Cornelia Cook 

David Pradel 
*Devoniensist 

Dr. Grill 
*Duchesse de Brabant 

Enchantress 

Etoile de Lyon 

Fr. von Marschall 

General R. E. Lee 

G. Nabonnand 

Golden Gate 
*Harry Kirk 

Helen Good 

Henry M, Stanley 
*Hugo Roller 

Isabella Sprunt 

Ivory 



Tea 

J. B. Varonne 

Konigin Wilhelmina 
*Lady Hillingdon 

Lady Plymouth 

Lady Roberts 

Lena 

Letty Coles 

Mme. Antoine Mari 
*Mme. Camille 

Mme. Caroline Kuster 

Mme. C. P. Strassheim 

Mme.Derepas-Matratf 

Mme. de Vatrey _ 

Mme. de Watteville 

Mme. Elie Lambert 

Mme. F. Kruger 

Mme. Hoste 

Mme. Jean Dupuy 

Mme. Jos. Schwartz 

Mme. Lambard 

Mme. Margottin 

Mme. Olga 

Mme. Rene Gerard 

Mme. Vermorel 

Mme. Welche 

Mile. J. Phillips 
*Madison 
*Maman Cochetf 
*Maman Cochet, White 

Marie Guillot 

Marie Lambert 
*Marie Van Houtte 

Marion Dingee 

Medea 

Bengaly Climber 

Empress of China 



Roseraie Parfum de 
I'Hay 
Rosa Tetankaba 
*Rugosa alba 

Rugosa magnifica 
*Rugosa rubra 
*Sir Thomas Lipton 
(White Century) 
Souv. de Pierre 
Leperdrieux 



*Miss Alice de 
Rothschild 
Molly S. Crawford 

*Mrs. B. R. Cant 
Mrs. Campbell Hall 
Mrs. Foley-Hobbs 
Mrs. Herbert Hawks- 
worth 
Mrs. Herbert Stevens 
Mrs. Hubert Taylor 
Mrs. Myles Kennedy 
Mrs. S. T. Wright 
Muriel Grahame 
Nita Weldon 
Papa Gontier 

*PerIe des Jardins 
Perle des Jaunes 
Princess HohenzoIIern 
Princess de Sagan 
Queen Olga of Greece 
Queen, Thef 
Rainbow 
Rose d'Evian 

*Safrano 
Sombreuil 
Souv. de Catherine 
Guillot 

*Souv. de Pierre 

Notting 
Sulphurea 
Sunrise 
Sunset 
White Maman Cochet 

*Wm. R. Smithf 
Winter Gem 



ROSES ARRANGED IN CLASSES 115 



Climbing Hybrid Tea 

*Carmine Pillar (Paul's) *Lady Ashtown, CI. 



*Gruss an Teplitz, CI. 
*Kaiserin Auguste _ 
Victoria, Climbing 

Killarney, White, CI. 

Killarney, Climbing 



Cumberland Belle 



Aglaia 

"American Pillar 
"Aunt Harriet 

Flower of Fairfield 

Geisha 



*AIister Stella Grayf 
Bridesmaid, Climbing 
Chromatellat 
Cloth of Goldt 

Mile. Cecile Brunner, 
Climbing 



La France, Pink, CI. 
Climbing 
*Mme. CarolineTestout, 

Climbing 
Mme. Wagram 

Climbing Moss 

*Le Poilu 

Multiflora 

Miss Messman 
Mosella, Climbing 
*PhiIadeIphia Rambler 
Psyche 
Rambler, Crimson 

Noisette 

Lamarque 

*Mme. Alfred Carriere 
*MarechaI Niel 

Climbing Polyantha 

Clotilde Soupert, 



Meteor, Climbing 
*Mrs. Robert Peary 
My Maryland, Cf. 
Reine Marie Henriette, 

Climbing 
Souv. of Wootton, CI. 



Wiclinioss 



Climbing 



Ramblersf 
*Tausend3ch6nt 
Thalia 
Trier 
Wartburg 



Reve d'Or 

Solfatare 
*Wm. Allen Richardson 



Frau Berta Guertler, 
Climbing 



Species 

Hugonis 
Moyesii 
Xanthina 



Devoniensis, Climbing 
Gloire de Dijon 
Isabella Gray 
James Sprunt 



Siveetbriar 



Amy Robsart 
Anne of Geierstein 

Climbing Tea 

*Mme. Driout 

Mme. Jules Gravereaux 
*Maman Cochet, Pink, 
Climbing 



Lady Penzance 
"Sweetbriar, Common 



Maman Cochet, White, 

Climbing 
Perle des Jardins, CI. 
Pillar of Gold. 



Wichuraiana and Hybrids 



Alba rubrifolia 
"Alberic Barbier 
"American Beauty, CI. 
"Aviateur Bleriot 
"Bess Lovett 

Casimir MouIIe 
"Christine Wright 
"Coronation 

Daybreak 

Debutante 

Dorothy Dennisonf 
"Dorothy Perkinsf 
"Dorothy Perkins, 

White 
"Dorothy Perkins, 

Redf 
"Dr. W, Van Fleet 



*EmiIy Gray 

Evangeline 

Evergreen Gem 
*Excelsa 

Farquhar 
^Gardenia 
*Hiawatha 

Jersey Beauty 

Juanita 

Lady Duncan 

Lady Gayf 

Long wood 

Manda's Triumph 
*Mary Lovettf 
*May Queen 

Minnehaha 

Mrs. M. H. Walsh 



*Paurs Scarlet Climber 

Pearl Queen 

Prof. C. S. Sargent 

Robert Craig 
*Ruby Queen 
*Shower of Gold 
*SiIver Moon 

Sodenia 

South Orange Perfec- 
tion 

Sweetheart 

Universal Favorite 

W. C. Egan 

Wichmoss 
*Wichuraianu 

Wichuraiana 
variegata 



ii6 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 



Index 



Abundance, 80. 

Acicularis, 109. 

Ada Carmody, 114. 

Admiral Aaron Ward, 81. 

Admiral Ward Rose, 79, 1 1 j . 

Admiral Schley, iii. 

^nnchen MuIIer, 113. 

Aglaia, 108, 115. 

Agnes Emily Carman, 43. 

Agrippina, no. 

Alba, 108. 

Alba rubrifolia, 115. 

Alberic Barbier, 43. 

Alexander Hill Gray, 43. 

Alfred Colomb, 79, no. 

Alice Aldrich, 114. 

Alister Stella Gray 
(Golden Rambler), 43. 

Alliance Franco-Russe, 114. 

Alphonse Soupert, no. 

Alpina, 109. 

Altaica, 109. 

Altitude, Consfderation 
of, 6. 

Amateur Teyssier, 81. 

Americana, 109. 

Amelia Gravereaux, 114. 

American Beauty (Mme. 
Ferd. Jamin), 44. 

American Beauty, Climb- 
ing, 44. 

American Pillar, 44. 

American Rose Society, 92. 

Amy Robsart, 115. 

Analysis of Species, 107- 
109. 

Anna de Diesbach, 44. 

Anna Oliver, 114. 

Anne of Geierstein, 115. 

Antoine Rivoire, 44, 89. 

Antoine Wintzer, no. 

Aphides or green-fly. 
How and when to des- 
troy, 6, 30. 

Appoline, no. 

Archduke Charles, no. 

Ards Rover, no. 

Arsenate of lead. How to 
use, 6. 

Arthur R. Goodwin, 44. 

Arvensis, 108. 

Ashes, Use of Coal, 6. 

Attar of Roses, 102. 

Avenue effect with roses, 13. 

Augustine Guinoisseau, 81. 

Augustus' Hartmann, in. 

Aunt Harriet, 44. 

Aurora, 1 14. 

Austrian Copper, 109, no. 

Austrian Yellow, 109, no. 

Autumn Tints, in. 

Aviateur Bleriot, 44. 

Avoca, 77. 

Ayrshire, 108. 

Baby Dorothy (Maman 
Levavasseur), 44, 106. 



Baby Rambler, Red (Mme. 

Norbert Levavasseur), 

44, 106. 
Baby Ramblers, 44, 106. 
BabyTausendschon 

(Louise Walter), 106. 
Bailey, Prof. Liberty H.,!:38. 
Ball of Snow, 106, no. 
Banksiae, 108. 
Banksia, 108. 
Barbarossa, no. 
Baronne Provost, 88. 
Baron de Bonstetten, no. 
Baroness Rothschild, 79, 

no. 
Beaute Inconstante, 114. 
Beaute Poitevine, 114. 
Beauty of Rosemawr, 44. 
Beds, Rose.shape and size, 1 1 
Belle d'Orleans, no. 
BerberifoHa, 109. 
Bessie Brown, in. 
Bess Lovett, 44. 
Betsy Van Nes, 1 13. 
Betty, 44. 

Betty Berkeley, 114. 
Bibliography, 105. 
Birdie Blye, 44. 
Black-Leaf 40, 7, 30. 
Black-spot, 30. 
Blanc Double de Cou- 

bert, 44. 
Blanche Moreau, 44. 
Blanche Roberts, 113. 
Blumenschmidt, 114. 
Bone-dust, When to use, 

Bon Silene, 114. 
Books about roses, 105. 
Bordeaux Mixture, 7, 30. 
Bourbons, 108. 
Boutonniere, 42. 
Bracteata, 109. 
Bracteatse, 109. 
Bride, 114. 
Bridesmaid, 44. 
Bridesmaid, Climbing, 115. 
Brilliant, in. 
British Queen, in. 
Bruant, M. Georges, 86. 
Brunoni, 108. 
Budded roses, 36. 
Budding roses, 36. 
Bud-rot, 30. 
Burbank, no. 
Burying,'for winter, 27. 

Cabbage, 108. 

Calendar of operations, 

6, 7. 
Camoens, in. 
Canadian Belle, 114. 
Candeur Lyonnaise, no. 
Canina, 109. 

Canina roses for grafting, 36. 
Caninae, 109. 
Captain Christy, no. 



Captain Hayward, no. 

Cardinal, ill. 

Carine, in. 

Carman, Robert C. S., 86. 

Carmine Pillar, 44. 

CaroHna, 109. 

Carolinae, 109. 

Carolirie Marneis, 113. 

Catherine Mermet, 114. 

Casimir MouIIe, 115. 

Cecile Brunner. See Mile. 
Cecile Brunner, 53. 

CentifoHa, 108. 

Champion of the World, 46. 

Chapman, Mr., ornitholo- 
gist, 10. 

Charles Dingee, 106. 

Charles F. Worth, 114. 

Charles Wagner, no. 

Chateau de CIos Vougeot, 
46, 89. 

Cherry Page, in. 

Cherry Ripe, in. 

Cheshunt Hybrid, III. 

Chinas, 108. 

Chrissie MacKellar, in. 

Christine Wright, 46, 83. 

Cinnamomea, 109. 

Cissie Easlea, in. 

Classes, 39, 110-115. 

Cleveland, in. 

CHo, 46. 

Clotilde Soupert, 113. 

Clotilde Soupert, CI., 115. 

Colleen, in. 

Color plates, i, 12, 21, 32, 
40, 45, 51. 58, 63, 70, 78, 
87, 94, 103, 112, 117. 

Col. R. S. Williamson, in. 

Columbia, 4, 46, 77, 79, 80. 

Commander Jules Graver- 
eaux, in. 

Comtesse de Murinais, 113. 

Comtesse Icy Hardegg, in. 

Comtesse Riza du Pare, 114. 

Comtesse Sophy Torby, 114. 

Conrad F. Meyer, 46, 109. 

Conserving moisture, 25. 

Constance, 81. 

Contents, table of, 2. 

Cooper, Rev. A. E., 100. 

Coquette des Alpes, in. 

Coquette des Blanches, in. 

Coquette de Lyon, 114. 

Corallina, 114. 

Corinna, 114. 

Cornelia Cook, 114. 

Coronation, 46. 

Countess Clanwilliam, in. 

Countess of Derby, in. 

Countess of Gosford, 66. 

Countess of Oxford, 88. 

Countess of Shaftesbury, in. 

Crested Moss, 46. 

Crimson Globe, 113. 

Crimson Rambler, 108, 
115. 




PINK flAi-iV iiWll^I.ER, or BABY DOROTHY, is a good repre- 
sentative of the Baby Rambler family, now available in an almost endless 
variety of colors, including white and all shades of pink and red. 

This is the dwarf-growing Polyantha Rose so popular now for edging 
and also for bedding. It is recommended for use in place of geraniums, 
because it is so hardy that it does not need to be replanted yearly. 



ii8 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 



Cumberland Belle, 115. 
Currey, J. A., 77. 

Daily MaiI(Mme. 

Edouard Herriot), 53. 
Damascena, 108. 
David Pradel, 114. 
Daybreak, 115. 
Dean Hole, 10, 89, iii. 
Debutante, 115. 
Defiance, 1 1 1. 
De la Grifferaie, 108. 
Devoniensis, 46. 
Dr. Grill, 114. 
Distance apart, 1 1 . 
Dr. J. Campbell Hall, in. 
Dr. O'Donel Browne, in. 
Dr. W. Van Fleet, 47- 
Dr. W. Van Fleet, White, 

Dorothy Dennison, 106, 

115. 
Dorothy Page - Roberts, 

Dorothy Perkins, 47, 106, 

108. 
Dorothy Perkins, Red, 

1 06. 
Dorothy Perkins, White, 

47. 
Douglas, 1 10. 
Drainage, 10-14. 
Duchesse de Brabant, 47. 
Duchess of Albany, in. 
Duchess of Sutherland, 

in. 
Duchess of Wellington, 4, 



47, i 
Duche 



of Westminster, 



Dundee Rambler, 108. 
Dutch Beauty, 106. 

Earl of Warwick, 89, in. 
Ecae, 109. 
Ecarlate, 89, in. 
Echo, 1 13. 

Edgar M. Burnett, in. 
Edith Part, in. 
Edward Mawley, in. 
Egan, W. C, 26, 85. 
Ellen Poulsen, 47. 
Ellen Willmott, 82. 
Eliot, Charles W., 91. 
Elisa Robichon, 83. 
Elizabeth Barnes, ni. 
Emily Gray, 57. 
Empress of China, 14. 
Enchantress, 114. 
Erna Teschendorff, 47. 
Ethel Malcolm, in. 
Etoile de France, 47. 
Etoile de Lyon, 114. 
Etoile de Mai, 113. 
Eugene Boullet, in. 
Eugene de Savoi, 113. 
Eugene Furst, in. 
Euphrosine, 106. 
Evangeline, 1 15. 
Evergreen Gem, 115. 



Excelsa, 47. 

Expert opinions, 77-91. 

Farbenkonigin, 89. 
Farquhar, 115. 
F. E. Coulthwaite, in. 
F. J. Grootendorst, 86, 1 13. 
Felicite et Perpetue, 108. 
Fertilizers of all kinds, 16. 
Florence Forrester, in. 
Florence Pemberton, 48, 89. 
Flower of Fairfield, 115. 
Formal garden, illus., 13. 
Four seasons, 108. 
Fragrant roses, 93. 
Francois Levet, in. 
Francis Scott Key, 48. 
Frau Berta Guertler, 115. 
Frau Karl Druschki, 4, 48. 
Frau Lilla Rautenstrauch, 

F. R.Patzer, in. 

Fr. von Marschall, 114. 
Fungoid troubles, 7. 

Gainsborough, in. 
Gallica, 108. 
Gallicse, 108. 

G. Amedee Hammond, in. 
Garden Favorite, 86. 
Gardenia, 48. 

Geisha, 115. 

General Jacqueminot, 48. 

General MacArthur, 48, 89. 

General R. E. Lee, 114. 

General - Superior Arnold 
Janssen, 48. 

George Arends, 48, 83. 

George C. Waud, 82. 

George Dickson, 48, 79. 

George Elger, 48. 

Giant of Battles, in. 

Giant Tree Rose, illustra- 
tion of, 98. 

Gloire de Chedane 
Guinoisseau, 48. 

Gloire de Dijon, 26 ,77. 

Gloire de Margottin, in. 

Gloire Lyonnaise, 49. 

Glory of Mosses, 113. 

Gloire de Paris, 106. 

Gloire des Polyanthas, 80. 

Glory of Paris, in. 

G. Nabonnand, 114. 

Goldfinch, 1 13. 

Golden Gate, 114. 

Golden Rambler (see Alis- 
ter Stella Gray). 

Golden rules, 29. 

Gorgeous, in. 

Grace Molyneux, in. 

Grafted roses, 36. 

Grandiflora, 108. 

Grange Colombe, 77, 79. 

Gravereaux, M. Jules, 24. 

Green-fly, Aphis or. How 
to destroy, 6, 30. 

Green Rose, 106. 

Grossherzog Friedrich, 89. 

Gruss an Aachen, 49. 



Gruss an Teplitz, 40. 
Gruss an Teplitz, CI., 49. 
Gustav Grunerwald, 89, in. 

Hadley, 49. 
Hansa, 114. 
Harisonii, 109. 
Harison's Yellow, 49. 
Harry Kirk, 49. 
Hector MacKenzie, in. 
Hedges, rose, 74. 
Heeling-in roses, 19. 
Heinrich Munch, in. 
Heinrich Schultheis, 79. 
Helen Good, 113. 
Helen Gould, in. 
H. E. Richardson, in. 
Henri Martin, 49. 
Henry M. Stanley, 114. 
Hermosa, 49. 
Hiawatha, 49. 
Hibernica, 109. 
Hoosier Beauty, 49. 
Huey, Dr. Robert, 82. 
Hugh Dickson, 49. 
Hugonis, 50. 
Hugo Roller, 50. 
H. V. Machin, in. 
Hybridizing, A few words 
about, 104. 

Ideal, in. 
Ideals, 5. 
Indica, 108. 
Indicse, 108. 
Indica odorata, 108. 
Indica sanguinea, 108. 
Insect enemies, 30. 
Involuta, 109. 
lona Herdman, in. 
Irish Beauty, in. 
Irish Elegance, in. 
Irish Fireflame, 50. 
Isabella Sprunt, 114. 
Ivory, 114. 

J. B. Varonne, 114. 

James Coey, in. 

Janet, in. 

J. B. Clark, 50, 79. 

Jeannette Heller, 106. 

Jersey Beauty, 109, 115. 

J. H. McFarland, 92, 93. 

Jessie, 80. 

John Hopper, in. 

John Keynes, in. 

Jonkheer J. L. Mock, 50, 

79. 89. 
Joseph Hill, 50, 81. 
Josephine, in. 
Juniata, 115. 
Jubilee, in. 
Jules Margottin, 79. 
Juliet, 50. 

Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, 

5.0. 
Kaiserin Auguste Victoria, 

Climbing, 1 15. 
Katharina Zeimet, 50. 



INDEX 



119 



Killarneys, 50, 89, 106. 
Killarney Brilliant, 50. 
Killarney Queen, 1 1 1 . 
Killarney, Striped, 106. 
Killarney, Climbing, 115. 
Killarney, White, 50. 
Killarney, White, CI., 115. 
King George V., iii. 
Konigin Carola, iii. 
Konigin Wilhelmina, 1 1 4. 

Labeling, 22, 23. 

Labels, copper, 22; zinc; 
celluloid, stake, garden- 
club, Mann, Simplex, 23. 

Lady Alice Stanley, 50, 89. 

Lady Ashtown, 50, 79, 89. 

Lady Ashtown, CI., 50. 

Lady Duncan, 114. 

Lady Gay, 114- 

Lady Godiva, 106. 

Lady Greenall, 1 1 1 . 

Lady Helen Stewart, III. 

Lady Hillingdon, 50, 83. 

Lady Mary Ward, 50. 

Lady Moyra Beauclerc, 

Lady Penzance, 115. 

Lady Pirrie, 50, 89. 

Lady Plymouth, 114. 

Lady Roberts, 114. 

Lady Ursula, 79, 89, iii. 

La Fiamme, 80. 

La France, 52, 79, 106. 

La France, Climbing, 115. 

La France, Red (Duchess 
of Albany), 106. 

La France, Striped, 106. 

La France, White (Augus- 
tine Guinoisseau), 106. 

Lamarque, 115. 

La Reine, iii. 

La Reine des Neiges, 106. 

La Roseire, io6. 

La Tosca, 52, 89. 

Laurent Carle, 52, 79, 89. 

Laevigata, 109. 

Laevigatae, 109. 

Lena, 114. 

Leonie Lambert, 1 1 1 . 

Leonie Lamesch, 113. 

Leopoldine d'Orleans, 108. 

Le Poilu, 52. 

Leslie Holland, iii. 

Letty Coles, 114. 

Liberty, 1 1 1 . 

Lieutenant Chaure, 89, iii. 

Longwood, 114. 

Los Angeles, 52, 82. 

Louise C. Breslau, 52, 89. 

Louise Lilia, 1 11. 

Louis Van Houtte, 79. 

Louise Walter, 52. 

Lucida, 109. 

LucuIIus, no. 

Lutea, 109. 

Luteae, 109. 

Lyon Rose, in. 

Macartney, 109. 



McFarland, J. Horace, 

92, 93, 105. 
Macrantha, 109. 
Macrophylla, 109. 
Mme. Abel Chatenay, in. 
Mme. Alfred Carriere, 52. 
Mme. Angel Vayssett, 106. 
Mme. Antoine Mari, 114. 
Mme. Bernier d'Arnex, 

Mme. Camille, 52. 

Mme. Caroline Kuster, 

114. 
Mme. C. P. Strassheim, 114. 
Mme. Caroline Testout, 

52, 82. 
Mme. Caroline Testout, 

Climbing, 53, 89. 
Mme. Chas. Frederick 

Worth,! 14. 
Mme. Charles Lutaud, 53. 
Mme. Charles Wood, iii. 
Mme. Colette Martinet, 



Mme. 
106, 

Mme. 
Mme. 
Mme. 
Mme. 
Mme. 
(Da 
Mme. 
Mme. 



Derepas - Matrat, 
114. 

de Vatrey, 1 1 4. 
de Watteville, 114. 
Driout, 115. 
Ed. Rostand, 53, 89. 
Edouard Herriot 
ily Mail Rose), 53. 
Elie Lambert, 114. 
Eugenie BouIIet, 



Mme. Eugene Marlitt, 53. 
Mme. Felix Faure, in. 
Mme. F. Kruger, 114. 
Mme. Gabriel Luizet, 79. 
Mme. Georges Bniant, 

109. 
Mme. Hector Leuillot, 82. 
Mme. Hoste, 114. 
Mme. Jean Dupuy, 114. 
Mme. Jenny Gillemot, 

89, in. 
Mme. Jos. Schwartz, 114. 
Mme. Jules Bouche, 79, 80, 

89, in. 
Mme. Jules Gouchault, 

114. 
Mme. Jules Gravereaux, 

115. 
Mme. Jules Grolez, 53. 
Mme. J. W. Budde, in. 
Mme. Lambard, 114. 
Mme. Leon Pain, 53, 89. 
Mme. Margottin, 114. 
Mme. Masson, in. 
Mme. Maurice de Luze, 

Mme. Melanie Soupert, 53, 
82, 89. 

Mme. Norbert Levavas- 
seur (Red Baby Ram- 
bler), 113. 

Mme. Olga, 114. 

Mme. Philippe Rivoire, 113. 

Mme. P. Euler, 113. 

Mme. Plantier, 53. 



Mme. Ravary, 53, 89. 

Mme. Rene Gerard, 114. 

Mme. Segond Weber, 53, 82. 

Mme. Vermorel, 114. 

Mme. Wagram, 115. 

Mme, Welche, 114. 

Mme. Zelia Bourgeois, 80. 

Mile. Augustine Guinois- 
seau, 113. 

Mile. Cecile Brunner, 53. 

Mile. Cecile Brunner, Climb- 
ing, 115. 

Mile. Helena Cambier, 1 13. 

Mile. J. Phillips, 114. 

Mile. Louise Crette, in. 

Mile. Marie Mascuraud, 
113- 

Mabel Drew, 113. 

Madison, 114. 

MaddalenaScalarandis, 1 10. 

Magna Charta, 56. 

Magnafrano, 113. 

Magnifica, 114. 

Magnolia Rose, 106. 

Maiden's Blush, 108. 

Majestic, 89. 

Mama Looymans, 113. 

Maman Cochet, Pink, 36. 

Maman Cochet, Pink, 
Climbing, 56. 

Maman Cochet, White, 56. 

Maman Cochet, White, 
Climbing, 115. 

Maman Cochet, Yellow, 
106. 

Maman Levavasseur 
(Baby Dorothy), 106, 

Manda's Triumph, 114. 
Manetti, 108. 
Manetti, for grafting, 36. 
Manure, liquid. When to 

apply, 16. 
Mapof U. S. A., 18. 
Marcella, 113. 
Marchioness of Lome, in. 
Marechal Niel, 56. 
Margaret Dickson, in. 
Margaret Dickson Hamill, 

Marie Finger, 79. 
Marie Guillot, 114. 
Marie Lambert, 114. 
Marie Leonidas, 108. 
Marie Pavie, 56. 
Marie Van Houtte, $6. 
Marion Dingee, 114. 
Mark Twain, 113. 
Marquise de Querhoent, 

113. 
Marquise de Sinety, $6. 
Marshall P. Wilder, in. 
Mary, Countess of Ilches- 

ter, 56. 
Mary Lovett, 56. 
Mawley, Edward, 29. 
Max Graf, 88, 114. 
Max Hesdorffer, 113. 
May Miller, 113. 
May Queen, 57. 



120 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 



Medea, 1 14. 

Meteor, 113. 

Meteor, Climbing, 115. 

Mice, How to guard 

against, 27. 
Microphylla, 109. 
Microphyllae, 109. 
Mignon, 106, 113. 
Mignonette, 1 14. 
Milady, 113. 
Mildew, How to remedy, 

30. 
Mills, Rev. E. M., 80-97. 
Miniature, 114. 
Minnehaha, 115. 
Minutifolia, 109. 
Miss Alice de Rothschild, 

57. 
Miss Cynthia Forde, 79, 

"3. 
Miss Kate Moulton, 79. 
Miss Messman, 115. 
Moisture, How to con- 
serve, 25. 
Moles, flow to guard 

against, 27. 
Molly Sharman-Crawford, 

114. 
Moschata, 108. 
Moschata alba, 108. 
Mosella, 114. 
Mosella, Climbing, 115. 
Moss, 108. 
Mousseline, 113. 
Moyesii, 75. 
Multiflora simplex, 108. 
Multifoliae, 109. 
Mrs. Aaron Ward, 37, 89. 
Mrs. A. E. Coxhead, 113. 
Mrs. Ambrose Riccardo, 

US- 
Mrs. Amy Hammond, 113. 
Mrs. Andrew Carnegie, 113. 
Mrs. Archie Gray, 113. 
Mrs. A. R. Waddell, 57, 89. 
Mrs. B. R. Cant, 57. 
Mrs. Bertram J. Walker, 

113. 
Mrs. Campbell Hall, 114. 
Mrs. Chas. E. Pearson, 113. 
Mrs. Chas. Hunter, 113. 
Mrs. Charles Russell, 113. 
Mrs. Conway Jones, 113. 
Mrs. Cornwallis West, 1 13. 
Mrs. David Jardine, 113. 
Mrs. David McKee, 113. 
Mrs. Edward Powell, 113. 
Mrs. Forde, 113. 
Mrs. Foley-Hobbs, 114. 
Mrs. F. W. Vanderbilt, 89, 

113. 
Mrs. George Gordon, 113. 
Mrs. George Norwood, 113. 
Mrs. George Shawyer, 89, 

Mrs. Harold Brocklebank, 

113- 
Mrs. Harvey Thomas, 113. 
Mrs. H. Hawksworth, 114. 
Mrs. Herbert Stevens, 114. 



Mrs. Hubert Taylor, 114. 

Mrs. Hugh Dickson, 113. 

Mrs. John Laing, 57. 

Mrs. J. H. Welch, 113. 

Mrs. MacKellar, 82, 113. 

Mrs. Maynard Sinton, 1 13. 

Mrs. M. H. Walsh, 115. 

Mrs. Moorefield Storey, 
113- 

Mrs. Myles Kennedy, 114. 

Mrs. O. G. Orpen, no. 

Mrs. Paul, 86. 

Mrs. R. D. McCIure, 113. 

Mrs. Richard Draper, 113. 

Mrs. R. G. Sharman - 
Crawford, in. 

Mrs. Robert Garrett, 113. 

Mrs. Robert Peary, 57. 

Mrs. Sam Ross, 113. 

Mrs. S. T. Wright, 114. 

Mrs. Taft, 114. 

Mrs. Theo. Roosevelt, 113. 

Mrs. T. Hillas, 113. 

Mrs. W. Christie Miller, 
57, 89. 

Mrs. W. H. Cutbush, 80, 
106, 114. 

Mrs. Wemyss Quin, 113. 

Mrs. W. J. Grant, 106. 

Mulch, dust 6; grass, 
leaves, sawdust, peat- 
moss, 7, 25. 

Mulching, 2$. 

Multiflora roses for graft- 
ing, 36. 

Municipal rose-gardens, 95. 

Muriel Dickson, no. 

Muriel Grahame, 114. 

Muscosa, 108. 

My Maryland, 57. 

My Maryland, CI., 115. 

Natalie Bottner, 113. 
Neervelt, 113. 
Nerissa, 113. 
New Century, 59. 
Nicotine, 6. 
Nita Weldon, 114. 
Noisettes, 108. 
Nova Zembia, 114. 

Oakmont, in. 
Old-Gold, 113. 
Olivia, 113. 

OpheHa, 59, 77, 82, 89. 
Orleans, 59. 
Orpet, Mr., 26. 
Oskar Cordel, 83. 
Own-root roses, 36. 

Page-Roberts, Rev. F., 14. 

Panama, 113. 

Pansies, 25. 

Papa Gontier, 114. 

Paradise, 80. 

Parker, G. A., 91, 95. 

Paula Clegg, 81. 

Paul Neyron, 59. 

Paul's Carmine Pillar, 115. 

Paul's Scarlet Climber, 59. 



Pearl Queen, 115. 

Peat moss, 25. 

Peerless, 113. 

Pemberton, Rev. J. H., 105. 

Perle d'Or, 1 14. 

Perle des Jardins, 59. 

Perle des Jardins, CI., 115. 

Perle des Jaunes, 114 

Pernet's Triumph, 113. 

Persian Yellow, 59, 109. 

Pharisaer, 59. 

Philadelphia Rambler, 59. 

Pilgrim., 76. 

Pillar of Gold, 115. 

PimpineHifoHae, 109. 

Pink Daily, 1 10. 

Pink Memorial, Dbl. (Uni- 
versal Favorite), 115. 

Pissardii, 108. 

Plant-food, 7. 

Plant roses. When to, 17. 

Plant roses. Depth to, 20. 

Planting roses, 20 

Plotting, 24. 

Pomifera, 109. 

Portulaca, 25. 

Powdery mildew, 30. 

Premier, 76. 

President Vignet, 113. 

Prima Donna (Mme. P. 
Euler), 106, 113. 

Primula, 80. 

Prince Camille de Rohan, 
59, 79. 106. 

Prince Engelbert Charles 
d 'Arenberg, 113. 

Prince de Bulgarxe, 113. 

Prince of Wales, 88. 

Princess Adelaide, 113. 

Princess Bonnie, 113. 

Princess de Sagan, 114. 

Princess Hohenzollern, 114. 

Prof. C. S. Sargent, 115. 

Protection for winter, 26-20. 

Protecting tree roses, 29. 

Provence, 108. 

Prune, When to, 6, 7. 

Pruning, information, 31—35. 

Pruning-shears, 35. 

Psyche, 115. 

Pyle, Robert, 100. 

Queen Beatrice, 113. 
Queen Mary, 113. 
Queen Olga of Greece, 114. 
Queens Scarlet, 59. 
Queen, The, 106, 114. 

Radiance, 60, 79. 80, 82, 89. 
Rainbow, 114. 
Rambler, Crimson, 115, 
Ramblers, 115. 
Rayon d'Or, 60. 
Red Columbia, 76. 
Red-Letter Day, 113. 
Red Radiance, 60,79,83. 
Red Rose Church at Man- 

heim, 100. 
Regina Badet, 114. 
Reine Carola de Saxe, 113. 



INDEX 



121 



Reine Marguerite d'ltalie, 

113- 
Reine Marie Hennette, 115. 
Rembrandt, in. 
Rene Robbins, 113. 
Renee Wilmart Urban, 1 13. 
Repens alba, 114- 
Reve d'Or, 115. 
Rhea Reid, 113. 
Richmond, 113. 
Robert Craig, 115. 
Robert Huey, 82. 
Roger Lambelin, 60. 
Roosevelt, Ex - President 

Theodore, 10. 
Rose-beads, loi. 
Rose-beetle, Spray for, 6. 
Rose-bug, 30. 
Rose-chafer, 30. 
Rose-garden, The ama - 

teur's, 3. 
Rose-gardens, Famous, 27, 

97, 98-100. 
Rose-gardens, Municipal, 

95-97. 
Rose hedges, 74. 
Rose nicotine for aphis, 6, 

30. 
Rose perfume, 102, 
Rose progress, 93, 97. 
Rose-slug, Spray for, 6, 30. 
Rose test-gardens, 93. 
Roses, Appropriate uses 

for, 41, 42. 
Roses, Attar of, loi. 
Roses, Cemetery, 75. 
Roses, Dependable varie- 
ties of, 43-62. 
Roses, Establishing ideals, 

Roses, Forcing, 76. 

Roses, How to arrange, 5. 

Roses, Various uses of, 
64-77. 

Roses, Where to plant, 9. 

Rose d'Evian, 114. 

Roseraie de I'Hay, 1 14. 

Roseraie de I'Hay Rose- 
garden, 98-100. 

Roseraie Parfum de I'Hay, 
114- 

Rubiginosa, 109. 

Rubrifoha, 108. 

Ruby Queen, 60. 

Rugosa, 109. 

Rugosa alba, 60, 109. 

Rugosa rubra, 60, 109. 

Rust, 30. 

Safrano, 60. 
St. Helena, 81. 
Salet, 113. 
Santa Rosa, no. 
Sawdust Mulch, 25. 
Scale, 30. 

Scissors, Pruning, 35. 
Seabird, 1 13. 

Selecting the right roses, 
^ 37-41. 
Semper florens, 108. 



Sempervirens, 108. 

Sericea, 109. 

Sericeae, 109. 

Setigera, 108. 

Shears, Pruning, 35. 

Shower of Gold, 60. 

Silver Moon, 60. 

SimpIicifoHae, 109. 

Sinica, 109. 

Sir Thomas Lipton, 61. 

Smothering roses, About,27. 

Soap, Whale-oil, 30. 

Sodenia, 115. 

Soils, 14. 

Soleil d'Or, 61. 

Solfatare, 115. 

Sombreuil, 114. 

South Orange Perfection, 
115- 

Souv. de Catherine GuiJ- 
lot, 1 14. 

Souv. de E. Guillard, 113. 

Souv. de Gustave Prat, 61, 
89. 

Souv. de la Malmaison, 61. 

Souv. de Pierre Leper- 
drieux, 1 14. 

Souv. de P. Notting, 61. 

Souv. du President Carnot, 
61. 

Souv. de S. A. Prince, 106. 

Souv. of Wootton, 113. 

Souv. of Wootton, Climb- 
ing, 115. 

Species, 75. 

Spectacular, 1 13. 

Spinosissima, 109. 

Spinosissimae, 109. 

Spray, When to, 6, 7. 

Standard roses, 13, 73. 

Staking, 22. 

Stiegel, Baron H. W., 100. 

Stylosa, 108. 

Stylosae, 108. 

Suckers, 36. 

Sulphur arsenate dust mix- 
ture, 7, 30. 

Sulphurea, 109, 114. 

Sunburst, 61. 

Sunrise, 114. 

Sunset, 114. 

Susanne-Marie Rodocan- 
achi, 83. 

Synonymous roses, 106. 

Synstylae, 108. 

Sweetbriar, 61. 

Sweetheart, 106, 115. 

Taft Rose, 113. 
Tausendschon, 61, 83. 
Tea-scented, 108. 
Temperature in different 

latitudes, 18. 
Temple of Love, 99. 
Test-gardens, 93. 
Thalia, 115. 
Thomas, Capt. George C, 

Jr., 25. 
Thousand Beauties, 106. 
Tip-Top, 61. 



Tomentosa, 109. 
Tom Wood, 79, III. 
Totote Gelos, 79. 
Tree roots. Danger from, 9. 
Tree roses, 13, 73. 
Trier, 1 15. 

Triomphe Orleanais, 80, 
114. 

Ulrich Brunner, 62. 
Universal Favorite, 115. 

Van Fleet, Dr. W., 83. 
Varieties, Number of, 37. 
Veluwezoom, 113. 
Vick's Caprice, in. 
Victor Verdier, in. 
Villosa, 109. 
Violas, 25. 

Virginia R. Coxe, 106, 113 
Viridiflora, 62. 
Viscountess Enfield, 113. 
Viscountess Folkestone, 89. 

Walter Speed, 113. 
Waltham's Scarlet, 113. 
Ward, Admiral Aaron, 81. 
War of the Roses, 63. 
Wartburg, 115. 
W. C. Egan, 115. 
Weeds, How to keep down, 

25. 
W. E. Lippiatt, 113. 
Wellesley, 113. 
West Grove, 113. 
White American Beauty, 

(Frau Karl Druschkij, 

106. 
White Killarney, 62. 
White Killarney, Climb- 
ing, 115. 
White Maman Cochet, 56, 

80. 
White Maman Cochet, 

CKmbing, 1 15. 
White Soupert, 80, 114. 
Wichmoss, 115. 
Wichuraiana, 62, 108. 
Wichuraiana variegata, 

115. 
Wm. Allen Richardson, 62. 
Wm. Cooper, 113. 
Wm. R. Smith, 62, 83. 
Wilham Shean, 62. 
Willowmere, 62, 79, 89. 
Winnie Davis, 113. ' 

Winter Gem, 1 14. 
Winter-protection, 27-29. 
Winter-protection, When to 

remove, 27. 
Wirth, Theodore, 29, 79. 

Xanthina, 109. 

Yellow Soupert, 114. 
York and Lancaster, 62, 

108. 
Yvonne Rabier, 114. 



J. Horace McFarland Co., Printers, Harrisburs., Pa. 



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